A one way ANOVA comparing group performance in the acoustic condition of the rhythmic synchronization task after 1 year of training showed a strong trend toward significance F (1,30) = 3.54, p = 0.06 with the music group outperforming the control group.
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The Development of Musical Skills of Underprivileged Children Over the Course of 1 Year: A Study in the Context of an El Sistema-Inspired Program.
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a trend toward significancep = 09.
On the other hand, there were differences between the music group and the control group from baseline to year one in the pitch perception task, main effect of year, F (1,46) = 30.42, p < 0.001 and a trend toward significance in the interaction of Group × Year F (1,46) = 2.98, p = 09.
It is also interesting that, although they did not reach statistical significance, improvements were seen in the music group in terms of pitch matching tasks (component 6 from the ATBSS).
This finding is supported by a strong trend toward significant results of a one way ANOVA on the performance on pitch perception task after 1 year of training with group as independent factor F (1,48) = 3.57, p = 0.064, where the music group outperformed the control group.