Replicatively senescent human fibroblasts reveal a distinct intracellular metabolic profile with alterations in NAD+ and nicotinamide metabolism.

3 ) and although this did not quite reach statistical significance this suggests that nicotinate is being depleted within the PEsen cells as well.

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Furthermore, high levels of free carnitine in confluent and PEsen cells may support increased lipid transport into the mitochondria, while high levels of the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate, often generated from excess acetyl CoA is a marker of mitochondrial β-oxidation 36 showed a trend for elevation in PEsen media.

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PEsen cells exhibited a strong trend for reduced levels of cysteine compared to growing, confluent, and quiescent counterparts 23 .

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S2 ) also showed a slight trend for reduction in these cells, or may arise from decreased uptake as suggested by high cysteine levels in the conditioned media 23 .

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S2 ) but this did not reach statistical significance.

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