Clinical Interventions and All-Cause Mortality of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: An Umbrella Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses.

We performed a test for excess significance to evaluate whether the number of studies reporting nominally significant results ( p -value < 0.05) is greater compared to their expected number [ 24 , 25 ].

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Effect sizes of meta-analyses showed a trend toward the null value as the inverse variance of the summary estimate increased, and, among included meta-analyses, the effect sizes of the largest studies were similar to the random effects summary estimates ( Figure 2 ).

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However, the mortality benefit of warfarin in dialysis patients did not reach statistical significance in a meta-analysis of OSs [ 49 ].

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