Inter-channel phase differences during sleep spindles are altered in Veterans with PTSD.

The channel pair Fz−C5 showed the highest test-statistic value across the two nights, which approached significance after correction (Night 1: F-value = 8.2, uncorrected p = 0.006, corrected p = 0.082, Cohen’s d = −0.89; Night 2: F-value = 7.9, uncorrected p = 0.007, corrected p = 0.098, Cohen’s d = −0.87). 3.2.2 Results for fast spindles Panels C and D in Fig. 2 show the topographical distributions of the PLV and the MPD, respectively, between the parietal seed channel Pz and all other channels for fast spindles.

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The MPD during slow spindles and the CAPS hyperarousal score showed a trend towards a negative correlation across participants with PTSD (Night 1: Spearman’s rho = −0.22, p = 0.226; Night 2: Spearman’s rho = −0.33, p = 0.066). 3.5 Group differences across sleep cycles We also examined group differences in the MPD during slow spindles for the Fz–C5 channel pair across the first three sleep cycles, using the combined set ( Fig. 4 ).

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However, the first test did not reach statistical significance after corrections for multiple comparisons.

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