Prospective Placebo-Controlled Assessment of Spore-Based Probiotic Supplementation on Sebum Production, Skin Barrier Function, and Acne.

However, when stratifying for those with acne, there was a marked 28% decrease in the sebum excretion rate after probiotic exposure that approached significance ( Figure 2 , p = 0.125), while there was no change during the placebo intervention.

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Skin hydration on the cheek had an increasing trend with probiotic supplementation ( Figure 3 , p = 0.18) but not with placebo.

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Probiotic supplementation resulted in a decreasing trend for the facial sebum excretion rate and increased TEWL overall.

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In addition, p -values were considered significant if they were less than 0.05 and are reported as approaching significance if between 0.05 and 0.2.

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This is especially notable in the acne group, which had a large effect size in the acetate/propionate ratio with a 2.6-fold increase, although it did not reach statistical significance.

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