Excerpts

Although our results are still well below this level, the data suggest an increasing trend.

Discussion Our results showed that not only individualized PBD but also institutionalized PBD might be social determinants of health after individual-level factors such as SES had been taken into account, although the health impact of institutionalized PBD was not fully statistically significant and was lower than that of the individualized PBD.

The multivariate model for high risk of depression showed a marginally non-significant association between poor household infrastructure function and this outcome (OR 2.23, CI 0.98-5.07).

Analysis of test-retest reliability, carried out in the ID subsample, revealed highly significant intraclass correlation coefficients, consistent with the absence of significance on Student’s t -test, which suggests satisfactory reliability.

Discussion Analysis of item clustering on exploratory factor analysis showed a trend toward the same factors found in the original factor analysis of the instrument [ 12 ], although a reverse ranking of factors in terms of explained variance was observed.

After 1997, there was a decreasing trend.

Differences between the overall intervention and control groups were marginally significant.

Hospital data which is currently collected only from the state sector show an increasing trend in hospitalization for NCD such as diabetes, hypertensive disease and ischemic heart diseases and mortality reports indicate that leading causes of deaths in public hospitals are cerebrovascular disease, acute myocardial infarction and heart failure [ 10 , 11 ].

Diabetes We observed a marginally significant effect of group suggesting that participants in the intervention group were less ambivalent than participants in the control group (Table 4 ).

The Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test for linear trend (χ 2 trend ) was used to assess whether the proportion of participants who spent over 10% of income as OOPE showed a trend in relation to their level of household income.

Having a drug holiday and baseline CD4 T lymphocytes count had a borderline significance trend (see Additional file 4 ).

A greater time period may be required to observe a clear trend in prevalence rates, especially when comparing studies with different sample sizes, age ranges and using varying methods.

The magnitude of RTCs showed an increasing trend during the study period.

From a program planning perspective, these results indicate that education and awareness may be significant contributing factors to improving acceptance of self-collection and subsequently, improving screening attendance rates.

First, the items with a factor loading greater than 0.50 were considered “practically significant” and were therefore retained [ 24 ].

Notified rates currently show an increasing trend, but the rise started later than in other countries: during the period 1995–2001 rates decreased sharply, from 11.7/100 000 to 2.0/100 000, but in 2002 the trend changed and the incidence has steadily increased to a rate of 5.1/100 000 in 2011 [ 6 ].

Our data showed a trend in the risk of laryngeal cancer through all educational levels.

Surveillance systems in Canada have identified an increasing trend of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ( S.

A decreasing trend in infant mortality, low birth weight rate, and under five mortality rate were observed with an increase in redistributive policies.

Background Previous studies have characterized an increasing trend of double burden households, or households with individuals experiencing both undernutrition and obesity, in countries undergoing a nutrition transition.

While prevalence for childhood stunting and underweight are high in all of the countries surveyed (between 30-40% for stunting and 20-30% for underweight for many of the countries), a clear trend in the association between childhood undernutrition and maternal obesity or overweight does not emerge.

Recently, a survey demonstrated a decreasing trend of hypertension in western countries, but an increasing trend among Southeast Asia and Oceania [ 3 ].

It is estimated that 5.8 million people or 21% of the entire Malaysian population suffer from hypertension and there was an increasing trend over the past decade [ 3 ].

It is estimated that NCDs account for 67% of all deaths in Malaysia and there has been an increasing trend in recent decades [ 1 , 2 ].

(QB01) Some respondents thought the recession reversed a positive trend of buying more healthy foods.