Excerpts

Parental smoking at the time of interview was only marginally significant; however, when restricted to daily smokers, it remained significant in the multivariable model (data not shown).

There may be significant differences between rural and urban settings.

Although an increasing trend in suicide rates was observed in both young and elderly people, age-differential effects on suicide were displayed in opposite directions, in terms of absolute and proportional suicide mortality comparison.

Later observations indicated a decreasing trend, with HIV prevalence among IDUs of 54% in Quang Ninh, 46% in Hai Phong and 24% in Ha Noi in 2006.

The interventions are non-pharmacological, but the patients are urged to continue their medication throughout the study since the clinical effects of a multi-pharmacological treatment on late diabetic complications are highly significant [ 46 ].

However, related costs may be significant and equally relevant in similar contexts, and policy makers should take these into account when making decisions about the funding of the programs at hand.

Some of the explanatory variables (work status, hours of sleep and sedentary leisure time) displayed statistically significant or marginally significant differences in all HRQL dimensions.

Recently, in a non-diabetic population, we showed that despite an increasing trend in general and abdominal obesity, a favorable trend in total cholesterol in both genders and TG in men occurred, which was not related to the increasing usage of lipid lowering drugs.

Bias is much smaller, and only marginally statistically significant, when the study protocol explicitly allows participants to opt out of post-test counseling and the return of HIV test results.

First, we identified marginally significant bias under the assumptions of a protocol whereby test results are not returned to respondents.

In the first binary logistic model (consent levels B and C versus A), the likelihood of being HIV positive is correlated with consent for testing and post-test counseling and highly significant: for each percentage point increase in the likelihood of infection, the odds to consent to testing and post-test counseling (consent level A) decrease by 1.5%.

Despite a positive trend regarding progress towards work after 1 year, none of these individuals actually returned to work within the next 2 years.

The reduction in expired CO in reducers was highly significant, even at 12 months, which confirmed the efficacy of smoking reduction in our subjects.

A borderline significant association was found when fatal cases were further restricted to 84 subjects who died out of hospital (OR = 1.84, 95% CI, 1.00-3.40), while the OR was 1.21 (95% CI, 0.75-1.94) for in-hospital deaths.

The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) with median follow-up of 3.6 years [ 10 ] reported an increasing trend for prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity in both sexes.

Therefore, the odds of obesity in ethnic minority groups shows an increasing trend after controlling for the excess risks associated with low socio-economic status.

Furthermore, there was an increasing trend in the prevalence of these characteristics that paralleled the severity of running away.

A range of health outcomes (12 items for boys and 10 for girls) showed significance or were marginally significant before controlling for other factors, and 6 items for boys and 9 for girls reached at least marginal significance in adjusted models (Tables 3 & 4 ).

The results of a 2001 cross-sectional study in Slovakia [ 32 ] were comparable to ours, with a similar highly significant difference between men and women in the prevalence of NCEP-defined MetS (15.9% vs. 23.9%).

Hispanics were discussed as a homogenous group when, in fact, there may be significant variations among Hispanic sub-populations.

While the incidence among hairdressers is smaller than in the bakery sector, several authors, as Ameille, observed an increasing trend: since the ONAP (Observatoire National des Asthmes Professionnels) was created in France in 1996, the proportion of OA in the hairdressing sector progressed from 5.5% in 1996 to 8% in 1998 and 10% in 2000 [ 22 ], calling for a better surveillance in this occupation.

The effect estimates remained statistically significant for primary and secondary education and borderline significant for tertiary education after adjusting for district, sex, age, marital status, religion, ethnic group, adult subgroups, employment status and income.

A pilot randomized controlled trial of a home-based carer education and support intervention for people with dementia in Goa substantially reduced carer strain and was associated with a marginally non-significant 66% reduction in mortality in the intervention arm (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.01-1.03) [ 53 ].

There was an elevated mortality risk among ever smokers compared with those using smokeless tobacco and non-smokers, and a significant trend for an increasing risk with increasing levels of drinking from total abstinence through to heavy problem drinkers (Table 4 ).

Eligible patients are accessing ART at an increasingly earlier stage of HIV infection, which is a positive trend because delayed ART initiation significantly reduces the chance of ART success.