Excerpts

In searching for possible functional polymorphism(s) underlying the natural variation of anthocyanins and flavonol O -glycosides, we found a number of highly significant associations between non-synonymous SNPs in Si000845m and Si012401m and the levels of cyanidin 3- O -glucoside ( Figure 4C ).

The response of SD, however, was generally nonsignificant to climatic factors except for PWQ and PDQ (marginally significant positive response; Table 2 ).

However, shoot densities showed a trend of being higher in NB sites in both July and December.

However, while the additional nutrient input resulted in a significantly enhanced biomass production in plants from the NB, there was only a small trend of an increase in biomass of seagrasses growing in fertilized plots in the SB sites.

Moreover, starch concentrations in the rhizomes of SB plants also showed a decreasing trend with fertilization ( Supplementary Table 4 ).

In contrast, DQE, VB, LT, and MDA showed an increasing trend regardless of the type of stress.

PBZ inhibited KO, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase class enzyme of the GA biosynthesis pathway (Tuna et al., 2008 ); thus, a highly significant decrease in the KO enzyme transcript level was seen in all cultivars on PBZ application.

Pretreatment with 6-BA for the two waxy corn inbred lines exposed to waterlogging stress conditions also resulted in an increasing trend in the activity of AsA-GSH cycle enzymes relative to that of non-sprayed plants.

We observed a decreasing trend in prediction accuracy over time, indicating that it is more difficult to predict AGB for latter DAPs compared to early DAPs.

Since growth of the transgenic lines is affected by the promoter used for the deacetylation ( Derba-Maceluch et al., 2020 ), we tested effects of constructs with the two promoters on wood chemistry and detected small but highly significant differences ( Table 2 ).

The principal component analysis showed a clear trend of separation between control and infected samples for all three lines.

Consistent with the highly significant correlations between DF and PH, major QTL on the LG A07 were identified as common QTL for both the traits, with Varuna contributing the positive alleles for taller plants and delayed flowering.

ANOVA revealed highly significant variability for grain yield and micronutrient traits.

Moreover, the disease severity showed an increasing trend from heading to the maturity stage.

Clustered PCA-vectors and highly significant Pearson correlations of methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, and acetone illustrate strong co-emission patterns among OVOCs.

The expression levels of RgWRKY35 and RgWRKY37 genes showed a highly significant increase after SA treatment, while the expression levels of RgWRKY37 increased by 10.45-fold–19.03-fold, and RgWRKY35 increased by 23.92-fold–69.27-fold.

Therefore, highly significant associations for charcoal rot resistance in the CAAM panel were determined based on MLM analysis.

The rocket leaves exposed to RB-CL displayed a higher malic acid content, and while the citric acid content showed a trend similar to that of malic acid, its value was statistically unchanged in the leaves regardless of the light treatment applied.

The positive and highly significant associations of GPC and TKW traits have been reported in different wheat populations in other studies (Peleg et al., 2009 ; Badakhshan et al., 2013 ; Krishnappa et al., 2017 ).

This study was extremely significant as it was able to provide some insight into the mechanism of RNAi and the variation which occurs between different orders ( Yoon et al., 2018 ).

Peak areas representing the total abundance of ( Z )-3-hexen-1-ol and hexanoic acid showed an increasing trend during the postharvest processing of oolong tea ( Figures 4A–D ), benefiting from sufficient C6 aldehydes from the oxidation and cleavage of PUFAs by the LOX-HPL enzyme system.

At 120 hpi, the area of Pst growth, length of hyphae, and number of hyphae branches, haustorial mother cells, and haustorium in TaFBN - and Ta_Pes_BRCT -silenced leaves were all increased, and the difference was extremely significant.

Significant differences among groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test; p < 0.05 (marked as ∗ ) was defined as significant, p < 0.01 (marked as ∗∗ ) was defined as very significant, and p < 0.001 (marked as ∗∗∗ or more than ∗∗∗ ) was defined as extremely significant.

Asterisks indicate significant differences ( * p < 0.05 for significant and ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 for highly significant values).

Profiles 3 and 4 were significant, and profile 4 had an increasing trend, profile 0 had a decreasing trend, and profiles 1, 2, and 3 showed a change in trend at different stages ( Figure 2E ).