Excerpts

Globally, the majority of countries are facing a decreasing trend of NUE (from 68% to 47%) over a period of five to six decades (1960–1970) ( Lassaletta et al., 2014 ).

ramosissima in the 200 mM NaCl and 200 mM NaCl + 10 mM KCl groups showed an increasing trend with time when exogenous sources were applied under NaCl stress for 48 and 168 h ( Figure 2 ).

Under the stress of NaCl and with the treatment of exogenous K + for 48h and 168h ( Table 1 ), 4 DEGs including Unigene0022482 , Unigene0074194 , Unigene0104234 and Unigene0002762 in SOD activity, showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the expression level of Unigene0035818 had been continuously increasing. 16 DEGs including Unigene0002490 , Unigene0004177 , Unigene0016209, Unigene0022473 , Unigene0033992 , Unigene0009260 , Unigene0034947 , Unigene0053707 , Unigene0068179 , Unigene0076259 , Unigene0080006 , Unigene0084405 , Unigene0084406 , Unigene0087484 , Unigene0089435 and Unigene0102899 in POD activity showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.

Based on Pearson correlation PFB, PDB showed a highly significant positive correlation with SOM, AN, AP, and AK.

During both years of experimentation, the influence of leafy vegetable crop rotation on eggplant protein content slowly increased from 2017 to 2018 and showed an increasing trend with the developmental stage ( Table 6 ), indicating the development of beneficial proteins under a crop rotation system.

The control plants maintained higher NDVI (0.55), and a decreasing trend was observed with increasing stress times (7DAS [0.50], 14DAS [0.48], and 21DAS [0.44]).

The MDA content was significantly induced at 7DAS (1.14 μmoles/g FW) and showed an increasing trend with increasing stress time: 14DAS and 21DAS (1.39 and 1.71 μmoles/g FW, respectively) ( Figure 1C ).

E s of Moso bamboo measured in situ showed a decreasing trend with increasing ages ( Table 5 , and Xiao et al., 2010 ; Uchida et al., 2022 ), almost coinciding with findings based on harvested culm segments from another previous study ( Isagi et al., 1997 ).

As expected, (based on the spectral properties of the filter used, see Materials and Equipment and Supplementary Figure 2 ), the results of our measurements show a highly significant correlation between the iReenCAM-measured fluorescence and HPLC-measured chlorophyll a content in both ftsh2 and porB mutants and corresponding WT backgrounds ( Col-0 and Ler-1 , respectively; Figures 3C, D ).

Regarding the determination of reactive oxygen species H 2 O 2 and O 2 − , as shown in Figure 8A , the seedlings treated with IC 50 and IC 80 TC caused an increase in the H 2 O 2 content, both at 7 and 14 days of treatment, being highly significant in all the cases, with DAB stained areas that oscillated between the 65 to 70% of the root ( Figure 8B ), while in control roots, the areas marked with the characteristic reddish brown of DAB staining did not exceed 3%.

The haplotype analysis of candidate genes and its SNPs of 2 kb upstream showed that each of the 10 genes has at least two haplotypes, and the FI values of these different haplotypes has significant or extremely significant differences ( Figures 7 , S6 , and S7 ).

The response of CsSAMDC4 to salt stress was more prominent in leaves, and its expression peaked at 48 h, which was 12 times higher than that of the control, while its expression in roots showed a trend of slight decrease and then increase.

In contrast to the values of genetic diversity in terms of Ho across collections, that showed a trend towards increasing from the whole collection to the smaller size of the core collection ( Figure 6A ), for the ATW trait, the means in the core collections decreased (CCC_20 = 18.27 g - CCC_3 = 15.54 g) with respect to the whole CCC (CCC_100 = 23.04 g) ( Table 3 ).

For bacteria, a decreasing trend was found for chemoheterotrophic functions between the HPP, LPP and NPP, while an increasing trend was found for nitrogen cycling.

Second, when the treatment effect was significant (or close to being significant), we performed Tukey’s multiple comparison test.

With increase in N application, ET showed an increasing trend, while it decreased at first and then increased as BC addition was raised.

As shown in Figure 3 , the sprayer speed and spray distance showed the same trend, with both C N and C M showing a decreasing trend as the sprayer speed and spray distance increased; Salyani obtained similar results in a wind-delivered spray test studying citrus trees ( Salyani, 2000 ).

Correlation analysis revealed that anthocyanin had a highly significant negative correlation with chlorophyll content, and that chlorophyll a and b content had a significant negative correlation with a* , while anthocyanin content had a highly significant positive correlation with a* , C* and color light value, indicating that over time, anthocyanin content decreased, while chlorophyll content gradually increased, and that the two changes were in opposite directions.

Most of the differentially expressed metabolites showed a downregulation trend in the second period and an upregulation trend in the third period, i.e., the differential metabolite content showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing ( Table S2 ).

Introduction In the world, the annual consumption of fruits in all countries is huge and has been showing an increasing trend, so the production and planting area have been expanding in recent years, which requires a lot of human resources.

3-Hydroxypropanoate was the most abundant of the esters, followed by erythronic acid lactone, and they both showed an increasing trend with increasing roasting times.

In contrast, the SFD of Aegiceras corniculatum showed an increasing trend after a brief decline at night, and then maintained a steady-state with high SFD in N s .

Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a fleshy fruit model plant and highly significant vegetable crops grown worldwide ( Gerszberg et al., 2015 ).

Specifically, under low-intensity parasitism, when water availability was 5–15% WHC (W1), the total biomass of soybean was less changed with P availability, while when water availability was 85–95% WHC (W3), the total biomass of soybean showed an increasing trend with P availability.

According to Barry (2008) , solar radiation showed an increasing trend with elevation gradient as shown in Figure 4 .