Excerpts

Additionally we control against segmentation reliability and we find a clear trend that reliable convex segments have a high degree of name-ability.

Results: Structural Equation Modeling showed that the associations between SES, EF, parenting style and ODD levels differed by children's gender: (a) for girls, the association of low SES and high ODD scores was partially mediated by difficulties in EF inhibition, and parenting practices defined by corporal punishment and inconsistent discipline obtained a quasi-significant indirect effect into the association between SES and ODD; (b) for boys, SES and EF (inhibition and emotional control) had a direct effect on ODD with no mediation.

This combined analysis, with a total sample size of 221, confirmed that the sub-scale × time × group interaction was highly statistically significant, and that the time × group interactions were highly significant for all three of the AAAQ subscales (all ps < 0.001).

When rated for the first time, the effect of color was highly significant at all levels of fearfulness.

Color facilitated object recognition mainly in naming tasks, while it had only a marginally significant effect in semantic categorization tasks and it didn’t play a significant role in property verification task.

As expected, the null model did not fit the data well, with a highly significant chi-square indicating a significant difference between the observed and estimated covariance matrices, χ 2 (392) = 38.94, CFI = 0.001, RMSEA = 0.18.

In contrast, highly significant improvements following therapy, all of which were significantly greater than changes during the waiting list, were found on all domains assessed (Cohen’s d: 0.44–0.75).

There is a marginal trend for boys, but it did not reach significance at the 0.05 level for a two-tailed test ( p = 0.076).

The two-way interaction model showed a marginally significant relationship only for the Mother-Daughter dyad that indicated the lower daughters' math anxiety, the higher their math behavioral intentions particularly if their mothers had lower math anxiety (β = 0.251, p = 0.054, see Figure 3 ), providing some support for Hypotheses 2 and 3a.

Against this background, a slight trend for DOM of definite determiners can be inferred.

However, the near-significant change on the socio-practical domain of the ASOR-5 questionnaire for the uninformed condition combined with a large ES indicates that the instructions at randomization worked (since this near-significant difference may reflect differing attitudes based on the information given about the robot).

In Experiment 1 the space-pitch congruity effect was highly significant for the low-pitch trials, and the magnitude of this effect did not differ from magnitude of the effect found in high-pitch trials.

Finally, both language task and target language were added to the base model as predictors and the results were highly significant. χ 2 -tests showed that the model of best fit used language task and target language as predictors.

Meta-analysis results for reading fluency Random effects analysis on the five studies that included Reading Fluency outcomes showed a weighted average effect size of 0.16 (95% CI [−0.03, 0.35], p = 0.10), thus showing only a weak trend toward significance of music intervention on reading fluency.

The interaction between child sex and SES was, however, only marginally significant underlying the fact that family SES nonetheless impacts children’s of both sexes, even if to a greater extent boys.

We observed a marginally significant effect of duration, with FA_CLI sentences tending to have somewhat shorter first syllables than FA_AMB sentences (about 10 ms).

The bilingual group was more likely to give a correct response (84% correct answers) than the monolingual group (77% correct answers), however, this was only marginally significant.

Highly significant chi-square statistics, RMSEA values of more than 0.05, and CFI values of less than 0.90 all indicate that the CFA and EFA models for females and males fit the data poorly.

Of note, other researchers have followed marginally significant interactions with planned comparisons in PWI studies and offered discussions about why higher order interactions are particularly difficult to detect (e.g., Starreveld and La Heij, 1995 ; Damian and Martin, 1999 ).

In Experiment 3, cropping the face appeared to have encouraged participants to make face-to-trait inference (more Group1 and less Group 3) compared with Experiment 1, χ 2 = 5.200, df = 2, p = 0.074, which was also marginally significant, Cramer's V = 0.272.

The Levene test statistic (15.17, p < 0.001) indicated unequal variances across groups, but the robust Welch test for equality of means (16.68, p < 0.001) still showed highly significant group differences.

While this measure turned out to be a highly significant predictor ( β ^ = 0.13, se = 0.02, t = 5.51), the word order × case marking interaction also stayed significant and indeed became stronger ( β ^ = −0.03, se = 0.01, t = −2.21).

For all variables assessing real-world financial risk taking, the difference between genders is highly significant, supporting our Hypothesis 4.

However, an interesting trend-level association was observable between men's investments in the final gamble and HCC.

Notwithstanding, it is of importance to acknowledge that potential associations may not maintain ad infinitum a positive trend, as an initial high cortisol reactivity (and correlated HCC levels), when prolonged, might exhaust the physiological systems and later result in hypoactivity (Kudielka et al., 2006 ).