Excerpts

Based on the results in Table 3 and Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the key findings are summarized and discussed below: The pore properties of CD-based biochar products indicated an increasing trend as the microwave output power increased from 300 to 800 W at a holding time of 5 min, suggesting an increase in the surface area and pore volume due to more pore development.

The cumulative electric fluxes passed through C-1, C-2, and C-3 were 2015 C, 1804 C, and 1568 C, respectively, showing a decreasing trend.

The size and SDAS of the dendritic structure at positions S 1 , 1 x y to S 1 , 7 x y and S 2 , 1 x y to S 2 , 7 x y show an increasing trend; from the principles of solidification, it can be inferred that during the melting and casting processes, positions S 1 , 1 x y and S 2 , 1 x y are close to the mold wall and their heat diffuses rapidly outward, promoting a corresponding faster cooling rate.

In the laser polishing process, including laser reciprocating scanning and the sample moving slowly on the platform, the interaction of two-factor AB, BC, and BD has a highly significant impact, which is recorded as “***”.

It can be noted that a clear trend cannot be identified for the Young’s modulus.

As a clear trend, the saturation magnetization is, as expected, a function of the content of magnetic nanoparticles.

This suggests that the dilution effect upon surface texturization was present and was quite significant for concentrations below 2 wt. %, which is in fact consistent with the threshold concentration of 1 wt. % ( Figure 3 ) considering a roughness factor close to 3 for lotus.

In contrast when ZnO–CuO is used there is a highly significant increase in the signal between 1 and 10 ng/mL.

The ternary alloys have a decreasing trend in aluminum content towards the surface as for Fe–Al binary alloy.

As mentioned in [ 1 , 2 ] much attention has been devoted to acoustic techniques because they have been greatly developed in recent years and there is a clear trend towards acquiring information about a tested element or structure from acoustic signals processed by proper software using complex data analysis algorithms.

Quite significant differences in dependency ln σ DC (1000/ T ) (consisting of an increase in electrical conductivity) between the PP and PP-F samples are observed for 1000/ T , in the temperature range 330–500 K (57–227 °C), which denotes significant differences in electrical conductivity near the phase-transition temperature.

It stated that the FIMEC test is suited to the evaluation of the water uptake in composite materials, since a decreasing trend was evident.

All ions demonstrated either marginally significant or significant effects of SiC at decreasing the release of ions into solution.

The adsorption capacity of pyrethroids by the adsorbent showed a decreasing trend with increasing salinity of NaCl in solution, which may be related to the increase in ionic strength leading to more Na + competing with pyrethroids for adsorption sites through ion exchange [ 42 ].

With the increase in (Cu, Ni)-ZnO additions, the thickness in nanocomposite coatings showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.

Moreover, the As15-6 tool wear curve for the machining of C45 steel showed a decreasing trend of wear with time, unlike other materials.

When the corrosion inhibitor concentration was increased to 100 ppm, the self-corrosion current density I coor reached a minimum of 2.207 × 10 −5 A/cm 2 , the charge transfer resistance reached a maximum of 932.5 Ω·cm 2 , and the corrosion inhibition efficiency reached a maximum of 95.2%, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing concentration.

Their research group noticed a decreasing trend in killing efficacy over the days of the study, under exposure to both UV and visible light.

For the whole process, the ρ ave peak value shows an increasing trend with time except for the third pass.

In particular, the color, whiteness, and translucency differences found were higher after one heating cycle and followed a decreasing trend as the number of heating cycles increased.

On days 4, 7, and 14, an increasing trend with functionalized PEEK compared to non-functionalized PEEK was observed, but this was not significant.

A clear trend is the fabrication of multifunctional coatings that require the combination of different properties in the same material.

There is an increasing trend toward the application of bioactive glasses in different areas of biomedicine, including tissue engineering and oncology.

However, there is a clear trend in more recent studies to generate better results, possibly due to the utilization of more modern scanners.

Hemp stalks’ (fiber) mass can be quite significant and is now considered a low or no value product [ 11 ].