Excerpts

With the increase in sodium silicate concentration, the pore size showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, while the porosity continued to decline.

In the third stage (600–800 °C), when the temperature reaches about 750 °C, the mass curve also has an obvious trend of decline, and the DTG curve also has a peak, which corresponds to the decomposition process of CaCO 3 .

The proportion of macropores and micropores showed an increasing trend, and the proportion of mesopores increased significantly.

In contrast, the GPII zone began to dissolve rapidly ( Figure 8 a–c), leading to a significant decrease in its number, with its dissolution rate also showing a decreasing trend.

The analytical results for Young’s modulus demonstrate a decreasing trend from 6.6725 GPa to 5.9036 GPa as the incremental variation in the segmental length ( l s ) from 4.41 mm to 4.71 mm.

In contrast to tensile strength, the Young’s modulus (E), a measure of material stiffness, exhibited an increasing trend.

It is essential to conduct a focused study based on its material characteristics and actual service conditions, and it is practically significant to investigate the mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of CSM under FT and scouring conditions.

The incremental mass loss of the material after 30 min scouring shows a decreasing trend, as prolonged scouring duration progressively removes the weakly adhered fine particles from the CSM, resulting in diminishing scouring losses.

mutans were consistent with the bacteria colony counting assay and showed a trend of decreasing live bacteria with increase in QANMA concentration in the resin system.

For such conditions, the frictional moment was often unstable (significant fluctuations over time), and a decreasing trend was observed.

Figure 9 d shows the change curve of electrode liquid temperature in the process of electrolysis for 5 h, and the curve shows an overall trend of increase.

The n 2 exhibited an increasing trend with the immersion duration (up to ≈0.9), suggesting a gradual smoothing process within this part of the corrosion mechanism.

In contrast, the CR of the samples exhibits an increasing trend.

The meshes of all samples doped with MoS 2 nanosheets showed a decreasing trend compared with the original sample, and the mesh surface showed many dense protrusions.

Given the wide range of filament manufacturers, there may be significant differences in material properties.

Overall, the G* of asphalt presents a decreasing trend, while the δ shows an increasing trend with the test temperature, which is due to the molecules in the asphalt transforming from the frozen state into the flowing state owing to the elevated test temperature, and the asphalt changing from the elastic state to the viscous state, and the flow ability gradually increasing.

The experimental results indicate that with the increased stabilizer dosage, the density and mass of the specimens show a decreasing trend, while the expansion ratio increases.

The R po values showed an increasing trend from 0.11 MΩ cm 2 (1 h) to 1.14 MΩ cm 2 (after 7 days), which, given that the R po remains constant and n po fluctuates around 0.98, could be attributed to the effective formation of a more compact layer with high resistance to ion transport.

The mixing process has a highly significant effect on the Marshall stability and coefficient of the area–distance variation in CRAM specimens, and a significant effect on bulk density and void ratio.

Therefore, the cooling rate exhibited an increasing trend along the penetration direction, further influencing the microstructure and mechanical properties.

For the cathodic polarization curves, a clear trend emerges: as the cathodic overpotential goes up, the cathodic corrosion current first rises rapidly and then increases at a slower rate.

The Ra values show a clear trend: the addition of natural modifiers increases surface roughness, which may influence functional properties such as gloss, interlayer adhesion, and resistance to soiling.

In contrast, the ion concentrations of Na + and Cl − show a decreasing trend.

pH and Ion Concentration Analysis As shown in Figure 6 a, the pH value of the surrounding water and the results of Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) tests on the CBPC cement after water freeze–thaw cycling treatment indicate that with an increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles, the surface water pH value exhibits an increasing trend toward alkalinity.

Overall, in the first three fatigue healing tests, the fatigue life healing index showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, while in the last two fatigue healing tests, it changed slightly.