Excerpts

The BET surface areas for the samples show an increasing trend according to the following order: TiO 2 _B (48 m 2 g −1 ) ≈ P-25 < TiO 2 _A < Zr-TiO 2 < P-TiO 2 (153 m 2 g −1 ) (2) It appears that smaller crystallites lead to higher S BET values (e.g., P-TiO 2 ).

[ 12 ] studied the changes in cutting force and surface roughness when turning electroless-nickel plated die with a diamond cutting tool, wherein they determined that the cutting forces show an increasing trend with the increased spindle speed, feeding rate and cutting depth, while the contribution of cutting depth to surface roughness is insignificant, and the surface roughness first decreases and then increases with the increasing spindle speed.

The conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) Resultant forces showed a decreasing trend with the increase of helix angle and cutting speed, but it increased with an increase in cutting depth.

By increasing steel fiber volume content, the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete incorporating nano-particles exhibited an increasing trend, and the cracking resistance of the concrete decreased gradually.

Instead, in the series of ZnO NPs modified obtained in the presence of PyQAs2 surfactant (methoxy-containing), the effect of the latter looks almost insignificant, as the variation of the average crystallite size values, comprised in the narrow range 13.998–15.666 nm, was observed.

The PA+0.25Cu-PSL and PA+0.25Fe-PSL membranes’ roughness showed highly significant differences, being rougher in the presence of FeNPs than CuNPs.

The difference of two absolute value equal or less than 20 is considered to be insignificant (marked as ≈) with 20 to 50 generally significant (marked as >) and more than 50 be highly significant (marked as »).

After 60 h, the hydrogen evolution rate of the two showed an increasing trend, which may have been the cause of the instability of the protective film, and may also be related to the complex corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys in aqueous Cl − containing solutions.

Quantitative measurement of the δ phase in the EMS-LSFed Inconel 718 superalloy with different electromagnetic field intensities ( Figure 8 a) established that the average length of the δ phase had an increasing trend with the addition of electromagnetic field intensity at different aging times.

Correspondingly, the weight ratio between the substrate element and the fusible element (Ni/Al) also demonstrated an increasing trend, but the variation range was larger than that of Ni/Cr.

For the weight ratio between the substrate element and refractory elements (Ni/W and Ni/Nb), it showed a decreasing trend with the growth of laser energy density; for the weight ratio between two elements with similar melting points (Ni/Cr), it displayed an weakly increasing trend with the enhance of laser energy density.

The T c results for PP/PPMA/PMMT composites show that with the increasing content of pyrolyzed clay, the crystallization temperature shows an increasing trend, but only a moderate one and has an exception for the 10 wt. % composite.

As seen in Figure 7 a, with the augment of loading strain, the recovery strain of the all regions basically showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the elastic–superelastic strain curve gradually deviated from the ideal 100% line.

Natural fibres used to reinforce polymeric composites have been an increasing trend, as they are not dangerous, are low-cost, renewable, and could potentially replace synthetic fibres for some applications [ 14 ].

Compared to PC, UCS responses of geopolymer specimens yielded: (i) a decreasing trend for FA-F, GP, MK, BA, and MP + FA-F, (ii) an increasing trend for FA-C, SL, and combinations of SL (BA + SL, RHA + SL, SF + SL, MK + SL) favorable with fewer proportions of stabilizers, and (iii) higher increments due to long-term curing (90, 365 days).

With grinding temperature increasing, the DRX fraction shows an increasing trend.

On the one hand, as the atomic size of Y/Er is much larger than that of Mg and Li (more than 10% in diameter), the Y/Er in an Mg-Li alloy would have a strong trend toward segregation to GBs or any other defect sites to weaken the size misfit energy in the matrix.

The data reported in Table 1 suggest an increasing trend of the Poisson’s ratio as the porosity increases.

As shown in Figure 1 , the Sigma process performance of the studied companies follows an increasing trend in relation to their size and years of experience in the medical device industry.

Obviously, the fraction of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) exhibits a decreasing trend with the increase of the Zn content.

As illustrated in Figure 4 a–c, the corrosion potential exhibited a negative trend with the extension of the accelerated constant-current corrosion, and the polarization curve passivation area gradually narrowed.

In Figure 4 d, the corrosion potential exhibited a positive trend at 309 h and 412 h.

Figure 8 shows that the grain density is remarkably increased when UST is applied below the liquidus temperature in Al containing TiB 2 particles and the difference in refinement with respect to the amount of Al 3 Ti 1 B master alloy (50, 200 ppm) is almost insignificant.

The coefficient m shows greater influence on the tangential force ( F c ) than the axial force ( F f ) and the radial force ( F r ), but the coefficients B and n only have a little significant effect on the tangential force.

Effects of Gypsum on Compressive Strength of AMCSA Mortar It can be seen from Figure 6 that an increasing trend is shown in the compressive strength of AMCSA mortar with the increase of age.