Excerpts

For the as-spun filaments ( Figure 7 a), a clear trend is observed where the (110) peak width increases from f 1 (0.26°) to f 5 (0.32°).

The resulting maximum equivalent stresses were 660.3 MPa, 645.2 MPa, and 572.7 MPa, respectively, indicating a decreasing trend with increasing length.

Significance hierarchy is determined by F -value thresholds relative to critical values: when F -value < F 0.05 (4,20), the factor is non-significant, denoted by *; when F 0.05 (4,20) < F-value < F 0.01 (4,20), it is a marginally significant factor, denoted by **; when F-value > F 0.01 (4,20), it is a significant factor, denoted by ***; and when F-value is significantly greater than F 0.01 (4,20), it is a highly significant factor, denoted by ****.

Upon Ag doping, these three parameters exhibit an increasing trend, indicating significant improvements in the plasticity and toughness of the alloy phase.

Associated reductions in yield and ultimate strength were limited and within experimental variability but followed a decreasing trend consistent with section loss.

These observations collectively indicate a clear trend: wear resistance deteriorates progressively as the rolling temperature decreases, with optimal performance at 1200 °C and the poorest at 1100 °C.

However, as the curing time increases, the compressive strength of CSG shows an increasing trend with the rise in seawater replacement ratio.

Notably, although the strength of CSG with a 60% seawater replacement ratio shows a decreasing trend at a 28-day curing age compared to that with a 45% seawater replacement ratio, it still remains higher than that of CSG without seawater.

Concurrently, the thickness of the passivation film exhibits a decreasing trend with increasing reduction ratio.

The experimental results ( Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 ) demonstrate that with increasing cold rolling deformation, the number, diameter, and depth of pitting progressively increase, indicating a clear trend of localized corrosion intensification.

As shown in Figure 8 a, the total porosity exhibits an increasing trend after CAA-FTC, with CG1 and CD1 showing increases of 0.2% and 3.6%, respectively.

The MCL of concrete exhibits a decreasing trend after the CAA-FTC.

As illustrated in the figure, the permeability coefficient generally exhibits a decreasing trend as the amounts of CL and PG increase.

As the cell height h increased, the SEA and specific strength both showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.

Overall, the overpotential shows a decreasing trend.

The product distribution from the pyrolysis of TL coal was shown in Figure 3 b, with an overall trend similar to that observed for ML coal.

Laser power and wire feeding speed (A × C) is a marginally significant interaction term (F = 5.93, close to F-critical = 8.020).

As shown in Figure 11 , the yield strength (YS) of specimens S1, S2, and S3 remains at a relatively high level but exhibits a decreasing trend, with values of 1455.13 MPa, 1148.54 MPa, and 887.66 MPa, respectively.

It becomes apparent that the modulus M100 of both CaL- and kL-filled composites showed a decreasing trend with increasing GLE content.

On the other hand, as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13 , the elongation at break of the kL-filled composites exhibited an increasing trend with the amount of GLE, rising from 341% for the reference to 571% for the composite plasticized with 15 phr.

Conversely, odd-atom clusters not only exhibit lower HOMO-LUMO gaps but also show a decreasing trend with increasing size (especially beyond n > 19), indicating that larger odd clusters possess less stable electronic structures and higher chemical reactivity.

Figure 5 compares the oxygen cluster population results at different sizes simulated under varying pressures in a pure oxygen system, revealing a clear trend: As the pressure increases from 3 atm to 6 atm, the maximum cluster size observed during the simulation period expands from O 13 to O 31 .

The dynamic compressive strength of the specimens showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in the slag content in the fly ash/slag mixture and the fiber length.

Consequently, the peak flow velocity during the EP phase exhibits a decreasing trend.

The widths of the columnar zone exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing stirring current intensity.