Excerpts

The size and phase fraction of the Ni 3 Mo 3 C ffswfswephase showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the changing trends were not completely synchronous.

As the heater rotates gradually towards the bottom of the tundish around channel 1, the EMF along the centerline of both channels shows a decreasing trend.

From the simulation results, it was observed that at a depth of 3 cm, the simulated stress values at wheel speeds of 11 m/s and 15 m/s were 9.35 MPa and 10.27 MPa, respectively, indicating an increasing trend in stress simulation.

However, at a pavement depth of 8 cm, the simulated stress values at wheel speeds of 11 m/s and 15 m/s were 1.37 MPa and 1.34 MPa, respectively, showing a decreasing trend in the stress simulation.

Further examination of the individual predictors, v f , m a , and SoD shows that all are highly significant contributors to the model (α = 0.05).

As shown in Figure 13 a, for the same offset, the unevenness coefficient shows a decreasing trend from rectangular to trapezoidal to involute on the whole, although the trapezoidal tooth increases little compared to the involute tooth at 0.04° offset.

In terms of peak stress, as shown in Figure 12 b, for the same teeth count, the peak stress increases with the offset; for the same offset, there is an overall trend where more teeth lead to lower peak stress on the separator plate.

However, the wear mass loss of samples A2, A3, and A4 reveals a decreasing trend with an increasing content of ZrB 2 .

The results found that K-B-G* shows an increasing trend with increasing loading frequency, indicating that the interaction ability of asphalt and mineral filler is affected by the loading frequency.

The significant findings from this research include the following: The hysteretic response of the masonry panel exhibited approximately symmetric loops in push-and-pull load cycles with an increasing trend of lateral strength except in the last push load, in which the load carrying capacity reached maximum value of 114.3 kN and then decreased to 109.1 kN, corresponding to 1.73% and 2.02% drift index, respectively.

The results show that, with the increase in frequency, the single-pulse discharge energy decreases continuously, and the coating thickness shows a decreasing trend, from the highest value of 152 μm at 400 Hz to the lowest value of 87.5 μm at 1000 Hz.

On the other hand, although the total manufacturing time of the theoretical WAAM tooling also following a decreasing trend with the reduction in design over-thicknesses, this most favourable case still requires a total manufacturing time three times longer than pure machining tooling.

In the optimized surface roughness fitting model, the p -value of the working gap h ( B ) is <0.0001, indicating that it is a highly significant factor; the p -values of the polishing tool speed n c ( A ) and abrasive particle size r ( C ) are both less than 0.05, indicating that they are significant factors.

Under other working gaps, the minimum magnetic field strength shows a decreasing trend.

Figure 5 a shows a clear trend of the MSD of EPDM decreasing with the increasing temperature.

The results in Table 4 indicate that all of the main effects are highly significant, which is consistent with the literature [ 33 , 45 , 46 ].

The numerical results indicated that as the stud height increased, both the shear carry capacity and shear stiffness of the studs exhibited a decreasing trend, although the magnitude of the change was limited.

The impedance of the Ni-B coating sample starts close to 8000 Ω, but unlike the first two samples, it exhibits an increasing trend at low frequencies before decreasing again.

However, a decreasing trend in diffraction peak intensity is observed with increasing boron mud content.

As the off-axis angle gradually increases, the nonlinear behavior and ultimate fracture strain of specimens both show a decreasing trend.

As observed in Figure 9 e, the contact resistance initially shows a decreasing trend with increasing microwave power until it surpasses 700 W, after which it begins to increase.

As shown in Figure 4 g,h, water content at both loading current densities has a decreasing trend with an increasing stoichiometric ratio, and a stoichiometric ratio of 100 generates more water content than a stoichiometric ratio of 400.

Keeping the mass fraction of RM constant, the value of UCS showed an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increasing modulus of alkali activator.

It can be seen that the solid solubility of Nb in austenite showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of carbon content, which was similar to the trend calculated by Ohtani’s equation, as shown in Figure 2 .

High-temperature creep must be considered for operating temperatures exceeding 0.5 TM (TM is the melting temperature) and may be significant even at operating temperatures in the range of ~0.35–0.4 TM.