Excerpts

The surface roughness: There is a clear trend that EMS treatment (A2, A3, A4) reduced the roughness increase due to corrosion compared to the untreated sample (A1).

At higher Cu contents, the lattice constant shows a decreasing trend.

When the content of Re increased from 2 to 4 wt.%, the hardnesses of the samples showed an increasing trend, but the increase was not significant.

It can be seen from Figure 6 a–d that the number of BPDs exhibited a decreasing trend, indicating that the adopted measures in the experiments effectively reduced the BPD density.

At 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days, the compressive strength of M-0, M-5, M-10, and M-15 showed a gradual increasing trend, while that of M-15 and M-20 showed a decreasing trend.

Overall, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength showed a decreasing trend as the T p increased.

A notable trend indicated in the graph is that as the straightening temperature increased, both the maximum and minimum residual curvatures Cc+/Cc− increased, resulting in a wider residual curvature interval.

A notable trend emerged: a decrease in the w/b led to an increase in the percentage of harmless and less harmful pores while simultaneously decreasing the percentages of harmful and multi-harmful pores.

The Q 2 and Q 4 unit fractions generally presented declining trends, with the concentration of NaOH solution rising from 5 M to 15 M, whereas an increasing trend was observed for the Q 3 unit.

The results show that there is an increasing trend of displacement versus temperature and the fork is due to the slow shrinkage and creep effect.

However, when the specimen size increases, U , U d , and U e all show a decreasing trend, and the amplitude of this decreasing trend becomes more obvious with the increase in strain rate.

Moreover, as the specimen increases and the strain rate decreases, U e / U shows a gradually decreasing trend while U d / U shows an increasing trend, indicating that the proportion of elastic strain energy used to release decreases at this time, and the degree of brittle failure of the specimen also decreases.

From 120 ms to 240 ms, when the temperature of the electropulsing treatment is relatively low, the elongation of the material shows an increasing trend, while the tensile strength gradually decreases.

As loading progresses and the deformations increase, the viscous damping coefficient shows a decreasing trend, resulting in an overall reduction in energy dissipation capacity.

Nonetheless, with an excessive concentration of diatomite (wt.% > 1.1%), the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the geopolymer coatings exhibit a decreasing trend.

At the same time, with the increase in the replacement rate of recycled aggregate, the strain size of the specimen when it reached the peak point was also increasing, and the curve as a whole showed a trend of right–downward deviation.

As the dosage of PS beads increased, the compressive strength showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing.

The impact of electrode polarization, which might be significant at low frequencies, can be ignored in this frequency range [ 81 ].

Contrary to the trend of ultimate tensile strength, the ultimate tensile strain showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing; however, the strain of the specimens in the 5% Na 2 SO 4 and 5% Na 2 SO 4 —3% NaCl solutions under the same tensile strength was lower than that of the aqueous solution specimens, which indicates that the erosion of salt particles caused the matrix to become brittle, thus causing the strain to decrease. 3.1.3.

The SIMS result for Sample H reveals a notable trend that the H concentration exhibits higher levels within the depth range of 50~150 nm compared to a depth of 400~450 nm.

The results in Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 and Table 1 demonstrate the dimensions of the formed layer, which show an increasing trend due to the accelerated kinetics of the oxidation reaction as the temperature increases.

These mortar samples showed an increasing trend of shrinkage over time.

However, the hydrogen yield showed a decreasing trend over time, while methane gradually increased.

The most probable aperture and critical aperture of the pure paste show an increasing trend as the freeze–thaw cycles increase, as shown in Figure 13 a.

It revealed a decreasing trend in ultrasound velocity with an increase in times of temperature differential cycling, showing a strong linear relationship between the ultrasound velocity loss and strength loss, confirming the correlation between the degree of concrete strength degradation and internal damage.