Excerpts

Microstructural analysis showed a decreasing trend in δ-ferrite quantity, with its morphology transforming from vermicular to rod-shaped and spherical.

Nevertheless, the results indicate a clear trend: strain increases with shorter pulse durations t d and longer pulse periods t p .

The random nature of imperfections and the unevenness of magnitudes observed in the different columns causes the results to not follow a pronounced trend. 5.

As Ac increased, the peak stress exhibited an overall trend of first increasing by 5.14%, followed by a decrease of 3.8%.

As the axial ratio increases, the slope of the stress–strain curve becomes steeper, while the peak stress exhibits a decreasing trend.

As shown in Figure 24 , the threshold number of pulses exhibits an overall trend where it first decreases and then increases as the beam expansion ratio grows.

The spatial superposition of rust expansion stresses from adjacent bars diminishes the stress concentration factor in the concrete matrix, resulting in a decreasing trend in the surface crack width with an increasing reinforcement ratio.

Compressive strength also shows a decreasing trend with increasing time intervals between successive printed layers ( Figure 16 and Supplementary Materials Tables S4–S6 ).

ANOVA results in Table 6 indicated that the effects of RM and FA on compressive strength were highly significant, while those of CGA and W/B were moderately significant.

There is a decreasing trend when a sinusoidal path is used when compared to the linear path.

In dry-mixed compounded rubber, T10 increases with the increase in epoxidation degree, while T90 shows a decreasing trend, which should be attributed to the differences in lignin particle size and compatibility with the rubber matrix.

However, it is noteworthy that GKFKG shows an increasing trend in elongation at break after seawater aging, as shown in Figure 5 c, indicating that the effects of seawater aging on elongation at break vary across different hybrid laminates [ 67 ].

Notably, the settlement corresponding to the larger pile diameters shows a decreasing trend.

Statistical testing confirmed that these differences were highly significant for all pairwise comparisons.

The average diagonal line length indicator L ( Figure 8 b), which reflects the average duration of states with similar trajectories in phase space, shows an increasing trend for all tool geometries as cutting speed v c increases.

The dendrites in the S1 layer were relatively long and showed a trend of multi-directional growth.

In most cases, the differences between conventional and CM wire instruments were highly significant and readily observable.

Notably, all coatings demonstrate significantly higher microhardness values compared to the substrate material, with a clear trend of increasing hardness corresponding to a higher Ti content.

Subsequently, Eocp shifted to around −0.1 V/ Ag/AgCl and showed an increasing trend throughout the test for the laser-treated sample.

Research shows a clear trend that finer gradations produce better noise reduction effects.

The Breusch–Pagan test ( p = 0.09) was slightly below the conventional 0.1 threshold, suggesting a possible trend toward heteroskedasticity, although not statistically strong.

Concurrently, due to energy dispersion within the enlarged interaction area, the weld penetration depth exhibits a decreasing trend.

As a result, the samples displayed a decreasing trend in strength with an increasing H 2 O 2 content, reaching a minimum at 3%.

However, there was an apparent trend in which the highest content of PAH contaminants was determined in the membrane layer, regardless of whether it was used in protective clothing or in specially prepared material packages.

An increasing trend in energy consumption was recorded with rising feed rates.