Excerpts

An increasing trend was observed between the individual samples.

The melt infiltration depth measurements were performed on four walls of each sample, with the results showing a clear trend of gradual increase in the average infiltration depth from sample ASRM- 1 to sample ASRM- 5 (see Figure 4 ).

As the temperature increases, the lattice thermal conductivity of all samples shows a decreasing trend, which is consistent with the typical characteristics of lattice thermal conductivity dominated by Umklapp scattering.

The resistivity of all samples shows an increasing trend with temperature, followed by gradual flattening, exhibiting characteristics of a heavily doped semiconductor.

The LCA results, expressed in Mg CO 2 -eq/year, reveal a clear trend: samples with increasing biochar content exhibit progressively lower environmental impacts across all stages.

A frequent and highly significant finding from the in situ inspections—critical for the effectiveness of adhesive bonding—is the variability in adhesion between the adhesive mortar and the substrate.

As expected, the elastic modulus exhibits a decreasing trend as the target porosity increases.

The dendrites in the S1 layer were relatively long and showed a trend of multi-directional growth.

In most cases, the differences between conventional and CM wire instruments were highly significant and readily observable.

Notably, all coatings demonstrate significantly higher microhardness values compared to the substrate material, with a clear trend of increasing hardness corresponding to a higher Ti content.

Subsequently, Eocp shifted to around −0.1 V/ Ag/AgCl and showed an increasing trend throughout the test for the laser-treated sample.

Research shows a clear trend that finer gradations produce better noise reduction effects.

The Breusch–Pagan test ( p = 0.09) was slightly below the conventional 0.1 threshold, suggesting a possible trend toward heteroskedasticity, although not statistically strong.

Concurrently, due to energy dispersion within the enlarged interaction area, the weld penetration depth exhibits a decreasing trend.

As a result, the samples displayed a decreasing trend in strength with an increasing H 2 O 2 content, reaching a minimum at 3%.

However, there was an apparent trend in which the highest content of PAH contaminants was determined in the membrane layer, regardless of whether it was used in protective clothing or in specially prepared material packages.

An increasing trend in energy consumption was recorded with rising feed rates.

[ 13 ] studied the effect of arc energy on the microstructure evolution of alloys fabricated by cold metal transfer-wire arc additive manufacturing (CMT-WAAM) and found that the ferrite content showed a decreasing trend with the increase in arc energy.

A clear trend of increasing titanium content relative to nitrogen was observed with decreasing Ar rate flow, which correlated with a shift in the zero-crossing wavelength of the real part of relative permittivity and was further supported by chemical composition analysis.

As illustrated in Figure 8 c, the CTE of the alloys exhibited an increasing trend after aging, with the highest value observed in the direct aging condition and the lowest in the cold-rolling condition.

From Figure 8 , it is evident that as the tension fluctuation coefficient increases, the area of the amorphous peak slightly decreases, indicating that with a draw tension of 65 cN, the increase in tension fluctuation leads to a decreasing trend in fiber crystallinity. 3.4.

They observed that residual stress exceeding the yield strength was generated on the upper surface of the welded joint, and both residual stress and hardness showed a decreasing trend with the increase in heat input.

The α-Mg grain size of the composites was significantly smaller than that of the AE42 alloy, and it also showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase in AlN content.

When the content of the bio-cured solution ranged from 8% to 16%, the UCS showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while CCC still increased with the increase in the total amount of bio-cured solution content, reaching a maximum of 3.52% at 16%.

Consequently, the mass change rate remains positive but exhibits a decreasing trend.