Excerpts

The water-use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat shows a decreasing trend with increasing irrigation levels.

Vine length exhibited an increasing trend with rising irrigation strategies.

The progression throughout the season was also a decreasing trend for the Ψ stem , for both times and treatments.

In RbohD1-related, Ros scavenging, and ABA-related genes, except for a few genes, such as CPK4 [ 35 ], GPK6 [ 36 ], APX6 [ 37 ], etc., most of them showed an increasing trend.

When the experiment was repeated in pasteurized orchard soil (low P), the effects of both AMF species and rootstock genotype on % AMF colonization were highly significant, with 33% and 21% of the total variation coming from the main effects of these two factors, respectively ( Table 2 ; 5 weeks post-inoculation).

Among them, five GOLS and one RFS have the highest expression in the TT samples, while the expression of two CWINV genes shows a decreasing trend.

Among these families, the pyruvate family, which is linked to primary C metabolism [ 77 ], was increased by multicontamination in lettuce leaves, while a decreasing trend was observed in lettuce roots.

In conclusion, TS induces changes in the content of secondary metabolites through regulating genes expression in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, and these secondary metabolism changes may be significant in improving the response and adaptation of maize radicles to low temperatures. 3.6.

In the present study, caffeic acid and sinapic acid contents showed an increasing trend in radicles of the two varieties under TS, but ferulic acid showed the opposite trend in resistance to TS, indicating that caffeic, sinapic, and ferulic acids have a similar positive response to the TS process in maize radicles, but the trends may vary by species.

From the different soil layers, with the deepening of the soil layer, the soil available P took a decreasing trend.

From the different soil levels, the alkaline phosphatase activity in the 20–40 cm soil was lower than that in the surface soil in the initial stage of fertilization and showed an increasing trend after the wheat-harvest period and the maize-harvest period, and was generally higher than that in the surface soil after the maize-harvest period, and the difference between treatments became larger. 1.1.3.

In the wheat-harvest period, except for the treatment with high-energy microbial inoculum (T4), the Ca 2 -P content of other EOMs was significantly higher than that in CK, and the Ca 2 -P content of soil treated with cow manure-vermicompost (T6) was the highest, with a 135.6% increase compared with CK, and the difference was highly significant.

However, crop yields usually show a decreasing trend with the decline in the fertilizer application amount.

With the same nitrogen topdressing level, the leaf Pn showed an increasing trend with the increase in the aeration ratio—the leaf Pn for treatments with an aeration ratio of 10% increased by 37–54% compared with the non-aeration treatment.

Regardless of the application of the biostimulant, the nitrate content in the rocket leaves showed a decreasing trend after the first harvest.

Highly significant positive correlations were observed among plant height, ear height, the ratio of ear height to plant height, spike leaf length, spike leaf width, length and width of the upper ear leaf, and leaf number.

Noticeably, our results indicated that the Tr decreased with the application of biochar-based microbial fertilizer, while there was an increasing trend in WUE ins and WUE in .

On the contrary, the correlation coefficients for most pairs of the color traits are highly significant (55 out of 66 pairs).

A positive trend in the change in the concentration of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was also determined in many other studies.

Based on the chromatographic peak areas for the relative quantification of EGCG and GCG ( Figure 5 ), it was observed that the chromatographic peak areas exhibited an increasing trend followed by a decrease within the acid content range of 0.05% to 0.8%.

This suggests a weak trend of competition between iron-oxidizing bacteria and chemical oxidation of Fe(II) at low pH levels.

The transpiration rate showed a decreasing trend during the plant growth period, with increasing leaf temperature and stomatal diffusion resistance [ 29 ].

Through the analysis of the correlation between the various environments of PH and BN, it was found that for PH, except for 15LQ and 15ALE, 15AY and 16ALE, the environments all exhibited extremely significant or significant correlation.

During the process of stratification, the content of GA 3 in seeds of water soaking and GA 3 soaking showed an increasing trend.

However, as isolation increases, there was a decreasing trend in both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity indices ( Figure S3 ). 2.2.