Excerpts

In this study, SWC showed an increasing trend with afforestation, which resulted in the highest microbial biomass occurring in L42.

Specifically, low-density stands exhibited a pattern of initially decreasing, then increasing, and finally decreasing again; medium-density stands showed a trend of initially increasing, then decreasing, then increasing again, and finally decreasing; while high-density stands displayed a pattern of initially decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing again.

NtRD26 was also induced by mannitol, and NtCAPE17 treatment showed a decreasing trend, although the difference compared with mannitol alone was not significant ( Figure 9 D).

This suggests that topsoil nutrient supply, stand survival status, and external disturbances have strong indicative significance in diagnosing the degradation of poplar shelterbelts in the Kubuqi Desert.

viticola infection, photosynthetic parameters of grapevines are significantly inhibited, manifested as marked decreases in net photosynthetic rate ( P n ) and transpiration rate ( T r ), while intercellular CO 2 concentration ( C i ) shows an increasing trend [ 26 ].

mandshurica showed an increasing trend with water supply, although the differences were not significant.

Regarding BC-MEAN, marker 26584774 emerged as highly significant, with a p -value of 8.89 × 10 −5 and a robust MarkerR 2 of 0.19, explaining the highest genetic variance observed in this dataset (12.5%).

Under future climate scenarios, the distribution pattern showed an overall trend of northward contraction and northeastward migration ( Figure 6 ).

The QTP has already experienced an earlier and faster warming process, which is expected to continue at an accelerated pace in the future [ 4 , 5 ], with the regional climate exhibiting a marked trend towards warmer and wetter conditions [ 6 , 7 ].

Under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the overlap in the potential distribution of the three dominant species in alpine meadows exhibits an increasing trend from southeast to northwest.

Additionally, the expression of this gene exhibited an increasing trend along with the growth and development of the mesocotyl in both accessions ( Figure 1 E).

Both CO 2 GWP and N 2 O GWP exhibited an increasing trend with higher nitrogen application rates, with the N3 treatment showing average increases of 47.35% and 163%, respectively, compared with the N0 treatment.

Over the two growing seasons, the average CH 4 emission flux ranged from −0.24 to 0.02 mg·m −2 ·h −1 , and showed a decreasing trend with an increasing nitrogen application rate and aggravated water deficit.

In most cases these differences were highly significant, with the Blue group clearly dominating over the Red, Green and Orange groups.

In our study, with increasing concentration of each phenolic acid, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) and the contents of MDA and Pro in Coix leaves showed an increasing trend when comparing 1000 mg/L with CK ( Table 3 ; Figure 7 ).

Phenolic acids also altered the composition of leaf metabolites, with most differential metabolites showing a decreasing trend after phenolic acid addition.

Pathogenicity assessment of 53 selected isolates from various hosts and geographic origins on detached fig shoots demonstrated highly significant variability in aggressiveness among isolates originating from different host species and geographically distinct regions.

A positive trend between effective concentration and particle size was observed, consistent with the generalized analysis ( Figure 4 c); however, this relationship did not reach statistical significance (r 2 = 0.09).

Root-to-crown ratio (R/S, Figure 3 b) generally showed a decreasing trend from the jointing–booting stage to the milky stage; SACI maintained a high R/S (0.142) at the milky stage, which was significantly higher than that of FMCG (0.119) and CK (0.127).

To evaluate the significance of the differences between groups, a standard ANOVA test was performed ( Table 3 ), which indicated a highly significant global difference (F = 9.233, p = 1.66 · 10 −5 ).

Alkaline phosphatase activity showed a decreasing trend under some treatments, which may be related to the reduced demand for phosphatase secretion by microorganisms and plants after the increase in soil-available phosphorus.

In contrast, while IAA priming elicited a positive trend in germination under acidic stress, the improvement failed to attain statistical significance ( Figure 10 ).

The results revealed that genotype effects were highly significant for PEL n , PEL GA3 , PEL GSI , and PEL D , confirming extensive genetic diversity for GA 3 sensitivity ( Supplementary Table S1 ).

Specifically, in 2024, the C × S interaction had significant effects on Pn across the three phenological stages ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); in 2025, although the interaction effect on Pn was less pronounced, the main factors (C and S) consistently showed highly significant impacts.

This strict homeostatic buffering of the aspartate substrate pool contrasts sharply with asparagine (Asn), which showed a highly significant increase exclusively driven by the nitrogen source independent of the variety.