Excerpts

Climate analysis showed a trend toward rising temperatures during the summer, as demonstrated by the number of days with daily maximum air temperature (Tmax) exceeding 30 °C ( Figure 5 a), together with a linear decrease in the number of days with daily minimum temperature (Tmin) equal or below to 0 °C.

sauvignon, belonging to the first cluster (‘warm climate-maturity’; optimum GST, 17–19 °C), exhibited a clear trend to postponement of the harvest date and reduction of TSS.

TA and pH of berry juice at harvest were influenced by thermal regime, expressed by the WI, HI (data not shown), and by the number of days with Tmax > 30 °C, showing a decreasing trend ( Figure 7 a).

The Cool night Index (CI) outlined an increasing trend in the average Tmin in early autumn ( Figure 5 b).

Highly significant effects of the P application level on the plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, biological nitrogen fixation of nodules, and yield of seed were observed in this study.

The temporal reduction of carbon gain following heatflecks can be highly significant for forest understory plants struggling at the verge of positive carbon balance.

However, no main effect of parasitism on starch levels was noted [ 25 ], although a light x parasitism interaction approached significance, suggesting that any effects of parasitism may be contingent on photosynthetic rates. 4.

This study showed a trend for leaf length difference that favors the cultivar Toe Jam Creek by 4.5 cm over the wildland population from Grass Valley.

Hence, while the expression of IDN2 and FDM1-3 peaked at seed developmental stages 4 and 7, ATFDM4 and ATFDM5 displayed a decreasing trend of expression throughout seed development.

In the CF treatment there is an obvious trend that Mandarin (Ottawa) has a higher rate of conductance compared to Fiskeby III, although the difference is only significant in the oldest trifoliate measured ( Figure 3 ).

The plants showed an increasing trend in lipid peroxidation as well as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and methylglyoxal contents that corresponded to increased stress duration.

Statistical analyses were performed using a t-test, and p < 0.05 and < 0.01 were considered significant and extremely significant differences, respectively. 4.7.

The genes GmWOX11 and GmWOX29 showed an overall trend towards higher expression under cold conditions, with the exception of the 6 h time point.

The older cultivar, ‘Maris Dove’, had a significant reduction in seed head biomass (−9%) and 1000 grain weight (−11%) but was less sensitive than the more recent cultivar ‘Skyfall’, which had a highly significant reduction in its seed head biomass (−21%) and 1000 grain weight (−27%) under high ozone.

We found highly significant and positive correlations for traits related to the root system size ( Supplementary Materials Figure S2 a).

The annual precipitation is approximately 351.7 mm, but this has shown a decreasing trend in recent years [ 6 ].

The stalk height also showed a decreasing trend with the planting delay, with 13.6% reduction from the earliest to the latest planting time.

Thus, the highly significant correlation between root volume and leaf area during its early growing phase confirmed that root development is aimed at increasing its photosynthetic capacity and, as a result, Ricinus had the largest leaves of the three species.

The negative effects of 10 μM Zn in the nutrient solution on the redistribution of 65 Zn to the youngest leaves are highly significant and very visible in Figure 8 .

An increasing trend of Zn accumulation was observed in the leaves of Poplus alba with the application of SDS [ 34 ].

Under Mg-deficiency, N, P, and Mg concentrations in the blades displayed a decreased trend with increasing leaf age; K, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the blades displayed an increasing trend with increasing leaf age; Mn concentration was similar among the blades of lower, middle and lower leaves; B concentration was higher in the blades of lower leave than that in the blades of upper and middle leaves.

In the case of sugar content, highly significant variations were recorded among the collected leaves sampled from different altitudinal ranges with maximum sugar content records at highest elevation (4250 m).

Further, for all the 15 genes studied, the mutants as well as the WT showed an increasing trend in gene expression with the progression of time under incubation, irrespective of whether they are up or downregulated, i.e., the expression of the genes increased as the time under dark condition increased and this rate of increase was the highest in the WT followed by SGM-3, while SGM-1 and SGM-2 were at par showing the least rate of increase ( Figure 3 and Table S2 ).

An interesting trend emerged in that asymptomatic leaves of BWS and GLSD vines had a lower amount of TPC than that in control leaves, with a decrease of 14% in leaves of BWS vines (asymptomatic 1).

However, decreased levels of most phenolic compounds were observed in the xylem sap of vines with severe wood symptoms [ 19 ], as well as a decreasing trend for the levels of amino acids involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds [ 20 ].