Excerpts

During 7 days of observation, IL-6 levels had 2 peaks of highly significant increase at 0.5 hours (43.57 ± 5.28, p<0.001) and 120 hours (24.08 ± 2.69, p<0.001 compared to control (5.44 ± 0.95 pg/mL).

On applying t -test for two independent groups, the mean difference of width of intracanal dentinal tubule openings (−2.2726400 μm) was highly significant ( P < 0.001).

There was some evidence of an increasing trend by age (P < 0.001).

There was an increasing trend in HI in accordance with the severity of emphysema (Jonckheere–Terpstra test, P < 0.001).

Again, there was a marked increase for disgust sensitivity after IFN- α treatment compared with baseline; post hoc analysis revealed that this difference was highly significant [paired t test: t (15) = −5.20, p < 0.001].

To further solidify the molecular signatures of the subgroups 1–4, we performed RNA-based single-sample GSEA, which demonstrated robust and highly significant enrichment of the gene sets “stemness”, “synapse assembly”, “gonadotrophs” and “secretory vesicle”, respectively ( p < 0.001; Fig. 2d and Supplementary Data 5a–d ).

At the between-person level, the standardized correlations between husband and wife random intercepts were uniformly large and highly significant (CHARLS ρ = 0.523; ELSA ρ = 0.416; HRS ρ = 0.305; all p < 0.001).

3A to D , the candidate recovered viruses, namely, rAdv-ChGM-CSF, rAdv-HN, and rAdv-ChGM-CSF-HN, had highly significant ( P < 0.001) mRNA gene expression differences in the HEK-293A-infected cells compared to the wtAdv-infected cells and nonchallenged [NC] noninfected cells.

Blood transfusion was markedly significant in IPVE (4 units (0–27) vs. 2 units (0–14); p < 0.001).

Differences between embryograms from untreated and treated worms were highly significant ( P < 0.001).

Regarding the clinical utility of the proposed biomarker, it is important to note that while the differences between the HC and MCI groups were highly significant ( p < 0.001 ), the observed effect size (Cohen’s d = -0.2245) is relatively small.

Conversely, among patients ≥65 years, there was a decreasing trend in surgery use with increasing nSES (p < 0.001).

P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant, P < 0.01 were considered highly significant, and P < 0.001 were considered extremely significant.

There was a decreasing trend in lung V20 in accordance with severity of emphysema (Jonckheere–Terpstra test, P < 0.001) (Fig. 3 ).

The highly significant association was predominantly observed in the subgroup of patients who underwent valve surgery (β = 6.243, 95% CI [3.631, 8.856], P < 0.001) and in those with a CCI score > 5 (β = 6.852, 95% CI [3.870, 9.834], P < 0.001).

In all cases considered, a highly significant separation was found ( p < 0.001 using a one-sample t test).

There was a highly significant difference between the groups (p<0.001) ( Table 2 and Figure 1 ).

Surprisingly, while HSD rats showed an increased regularity of sustained eating compared to Chow rats, as revealed by a highly significant decrease in the entropy, the HFD rats’ food responding consistency did not differ from controls (diet: (F(2,27) = 10.13, p < 0.001); day: (F(20,540) = 10.26, p < 0.001); diet * day: (F(40,540) = 1.25, n.s. ); Figure 3 B).

In the stratified analysis, the risk was higher in each subsequent quartile, with a significantly higher risk in the fourth quartile in comparison to the lowest quartile (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.37–1.86), with a significant trend over the quartiles ( P -value < 0.001, see Table 2 ).

The detection rate of PCLs was 0.2% [n/N=3/1,828, Boot strapping bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) 95% CI 0.1-0.3%] for a total score of 0 points, 0.5% (n/N=12/2,278, BCa 95% CI 0.3-0.8%) for 1.0 point, 1.3% (n/N=5/386, BCa 95% CI 0.8-1.9%) for 1.5 points, 0.8% (n/N=14/1,752, BCa 95% CI 0.5-1.1%) for 2.0 points, 1.6% (n/N=21/1,274, BCa 95% CI 1.1-2.2%) for 2.5 points, 2.1% (n/N=10/476, BCa 95% CI 1.1-3.2%) for 3.0 points, 3.3% (n/N=34/1,020, BCa 95% CI 2.4-4.6%) for 3.5 points, and 5.4% (n/N=19/355, 3.4-7.6%) for ≥4.0 points, showing an increasing trend with the total score of the scoring system (Cochran-Armitage test, p<0.001) ( Table 4 , Fig. 4 ).

There was a highly significant treatment effect ( P < 0.001) with an average% net calcification for favorable conditions of 0.023 ± 0.009% d −1 and net dissolution of −0.010 ± 0.014% d -1 for unfavorable conditions.

All experimental values were determined to be statistically significant at p < 0.05 and highly significant at p < 0.001.

All variables remained highly significant ( p < 0.001) at Step 4, except for age (p < 0.05) and PQFR (p = 0.101) .

However, malaria‐infected birds showed significant differential expression (FDR < 0.05) of 299 transcripts relative to uninfected birds (Figure 4b ); differences in 13 of these transcripts were highly significant (FDR < 0.026; unadjusted p < 0.001).

For Place of Articulation , a highly significant main effect was found across all three CLMMs (unaspirated: χ 2 (2) = 21.87, p < 0.001; aspirated: χ 2 (2) = 47.38, p < 0.001; fricatives: χ 2 (2) = 25.98, p < 0.001).