Excerpts

For faces, the comparison between w -based and VGGFace-1-based encoders shows no significant difference (2-Sample T-Test; t (1918) = −0.2859, p = 0.78) but we found highly significant differences when comparing w -based encoders with VGGFace-3 (2-Sample T-Test; t (1918) = 16.5817, p = 8.21 e − 58) and with VGGFace-5 (2-Sample T-Test; t (1918) = 15.0820, p = 1.17 e − 48).

The two partial correlations were both quite significant ( f versus txn rate/tlns per mRNA | protein production rate, complex membership: Spearman partial r = 0.227, n = 4,746, p = 10 −57 ; complex membership versus txn rate/tlns per mRNA | protein production rate, f: Spearman partial r = 0.147, n = 4,746, p = 10 −24 ), suggesting that fitness effect and protein complex membership are independently associated with the expression strategy that minimizes stochastic fluctuation.

CCDC168 , another gene with a Faroese enriched stop gain variant had highly significant rare variant associations in the UK Biobank with corneal hysteresis and intraocular pressure (rs1361247423, p =1.79e-57, p =5.21e-13, respectively).

Using Fisher’s Exact Test, we found that the observed degree of overlap is highly significant ( P < 1.3 × 10 −56 ).

This difference in the number of place fields was highly significant across the recorded population of CA1 and CA3 neurons (Fig. 2a , bottom; Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P = 4 × 10 –56 )—in each of the three different large-scale tunnels (see the individual bats and tunnels in Fig. 2a , top, and Extended Data Fig. 3a ).

Kruskal–Wallis omnibus tests indicated highly significant overall group effects for CRP (H = 262.5, df = 3, p < 1 × 10 −55 ), IL-6 (H = 259.5, df = 3, p < 1 × 10 −55 ), and IL-1β (H = 262.1, df = 3, p < 1 × 10 −55 ).

Differences between groups in D, H, and W were highly significant (ANOVA, p < 10 −55 ) ( Figure 2 and Figure 3 ).

Functional analyses pinpoint shared and distinct biological processes that protect yeast cells from Al, Ga, and In toxicity We noted that there was a highly significant overlap between the gene-sets conferring resistance to the three metals tested (Fig. 3 A): the overlap was 26% (62 of 242 genes) between Al and Ga ( P < 10 −55 ), 25% (77 of 304 genes) between Ga and In ( P < 10 −64 ), and 34% (107 of 312 genes) between Al and In ( P < 10 −97 ).

In lung adenocarcinoma tissue, CHRNA5 showed a modest positive association with (AD: Z = 2.36, p = 0.018) but a highly significant negative association with lung cancer (LC: Z = −15.72, p = 1.17 × 10 −55 ).

When we compared these data to the breakpoint homology from 16,783 CNV breakpoints assembled for the 1,000 Genomes Pilot 1 study using identical methods, we find a highly significant difference from either the BWA-SW analysis (χ 2 = 244.6, 1 d.f., p = 2.6×10−55) or the EMBOSS method (χ 2 = 201.6, 1 d.f., p = 1.26×10−45) ( Fig. 3 ).

The modest but highly significant K9me2 gene body correlation with expression (Spearman ρ = −0.114, p = 6 × 10− 55 ) confirms functional relevance at individual loci. 4.2.

Using SEA with the ChEMBL database, SNAP was predicted to target human protein PHLPP1, with a maximum Tanimoto coefficient of 0.31 and a highly significant p -value ( p = 8.8 × 10 −55 ) 46 .

Statistical significance was assessed against the two different control models using one-sided Mann–Whitney U tests, which yielded highly significant p -values ( p = 9.83 × 10 −55 and p = 4.94 × 10 −44 respectively).

The highly significant (P < 10 −54 ) preference for TGT codons at Cys 104 , but not Cys 23 , suggests selection for site V recombinogenic sequence that is independent of the amino acids necessary for BCR structure.

The statistical significance (−log 10 P value) for each term in the PGC GWAS and the SCHEMA study showed a highly significant correlation (Fig. 2b , Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.39, P = 6.67 × 10 −54 ).

We cross-referenced this list with our RNA-seq data and found that ∼35% of differentially genes in the Bend3 KO relative to WT are bivalent; this is a highly significant enrichment ( P = 8 × 10 −54 , Figure 4C ).

The result of the LR test is highly significant (P < 10 -53 ).

itive individuals, making them suboptimal controls for this analysis. Fine mapping of the LYZ eQTL effect of the resistance-associated variants The resistance-associated variants of the 12q15 locus are in strong linkage disequilibrium ( r 2 > 0.8) and were included in the analysis because of their highly significant eQTL effect on the LYZ gene in whole blood (e.g., rs622656 eQTL normalized effect size (NES) = − 0.55; P = 1.2 × 10 −53 ) and the lung (rs622656 eQTL NES = − 0.35; P = 4.7 × 10 −21 ) in GTEx v8.

The sex-biased difference in UBA1-CDK16 expression was found to be highly significant ( P = 2.7 × 10 −53 ) ( Fig. 1H ).

Within this interactome, we identified a highly significant ( p < 10 –52 ) smaller network ( Figure 4 ) showing enrichment for the HNF4α pathway.

This model yielded a highly significant association to AD (ACAT-O CON p = 2.21 × 10 −52 ; p Lassosum _CON = 1.1 × 10 −52 ; z Lassosum = 9.94; R 2 Lassosum = 5.7%).

The association of the CH-GRS with CCT was not as strong, but still highly significant ( P = 2.68*10 −52 ).

In comparative ATAC-seq analyses, the accessibility difference between Aire+/+ and Aire-/- mTEC hi cells at super-enhancers was highly significant (P = 6.6 x 10 -52 ) ( 6 ).

The LDSC analysis confirmed positive and highly significant genetic correlations between CP phenotypes and asthma (MCP, rg = 0.44, P = 7.23 × 10 −52 ; knee pain, rg = 0.37, P = 8.25 × 10 −7 ; back pain, rg = 0.35, P = 3.45 × 10 −10 ; neck/shoulder pain, rg = 0.36, P = 1.26 × 10 −5 ; stomach/abdominal pain, rg = 0.50, P = 5.40×10 −7 ).

Figure 8 shows a module (from Module group 2) that has a highly significant overlap with Cell Cycle related gene sets (enrichment of the top gene set: p <10 −51 ), see Figure 7 .