“approaching formal significance”

Another set of results suggested a significant trend in the IVW method, indicating that for every 1-unit increase in vitamin A supplementation (e.g., 1 mg or 3000 IU), the risk of myopia was increased by 0.0019-fold, approaching formal significance (OR = 0.002, 95% CI 1.17 × 10 −6 –3.099, p = 0.096, Table 2 , Figure 1 E).

With publications allowing interpretations such as, “ weakly significant ” ( p = 0.11), “ approaching formal significance ” ( p = 0.1052), and “ not significantly ... but clinically meaningful ” ( p = 0.072) the NHST already allows for bias [ 37 ].