“highly significant”

The heritability estimates for all subfields, displayed on the plot’s diagonal, were highly significant (all p -values < 1 × 10 −16 ), ranging from h 2 = 0.14 of the parasubiculum to h 2 = 0.27 for the hippocampal tail.

We found a strong and highly significant correlation between CpG O/E estimates in ortholog genes in S. mimosarum and S. dumicola (Pearson’s rho = 0.78 (0.77–0.79), p < 10 −16 ) ( Figure S9 ).

Furthermore, we validated rhythmicity using two alternative detection methods [RAIN (Thaben & Westermark, 2014 ) and ARSER (Yang & Su, 2010 )], which showed a highly significant overlap between the groups ( Appendix Fig S1G ; two‐sided Fisher's exact test, P < 10 −16 for every pairwise comparison).

In other words, organisms sampled from a defined skin habitat were more similar to each other in 16S sequence than expected for a global background; this enrichment was statistically highly significant (p<<10 −16 , one-sided Mann-Whitney-U test, see Table S1 ).

The correlation between HNRNPK binding events and nuclear enrichment was highly significant when controlling for transcript length and expression levels (R=0.2, P<10 -16 in HepG2 cells and R=0.07, P<10 -16 in K562 cells).

Acquisition and analysis of intersection targets of ROSA and CHIKV- The PPI analysis of the CHIKV disease target network revealed a total of 502 nodes and 1,386 edges, with a highly significant p-value of < 1.0e-16 ( Figure 2A ).

The regression itself was highly significant ( R 2 = 0.93, P < 10 −16 ), and outliers were those points lying above or below a 99.9% confidence interval around the line of best fit.

We do detect a highly significant enrichment of marine-freshwater differentially expressed genes, as predicted ( P < 10 −16 ).

The resulting network comprised 14 nodes and 87 edges with a highly significant enrichment (p-value <1.0e–16), indicating nonrandom functional connectivity among apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative-stress regulators.

By comparing the joint mt / apico haplotype frequencies ( Supplementary Table 3 ), we found that the dependence between mt and apico was highly significant ( χ 2 =64,921, d.f.=39,566, P <10 −16 ), providing strong evidence of co-inheritance of the two organelles.

The PPI network analysis revealed highly significant connectivity ( p < 1.0e-16), with functional enrichment in protein refolding and cellular stress response.

Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed a highly significant network connectivity among these proteins ( p < 1.0 × 10 −16 ).

Overall, a test of independence between the risk score tertiles and the potentially AAMR CNV count classes shows a highly significant association ( P < 1 × 10 −16 ) for both Fisher's exact test and a χ 2 test.

This was observed in both sexes These differences in T2D prevalence between the three groups were highly significant (Chi square test p -value < 10 −16 ).

Enriched Biological Networks A total of 1311 unique protein targets were submitted to the STRING database for network enrichment analysis, yielding a highly significant PPI enrichment p -value < 1.0 × 10 −16 ( Supplementary File Sheet S13 ).

The discovery and validation gene counts were 2.8 and 1.2 enriched respectively in the 38 Cluster 2-like NPH astrocytes and highly significant (chi-square test of expected versus observed UMIs; p < 1E-16).

When we considered individual pathogenic CNVs that were not overlapped by benign CNVs (that is, exclusively pathogenic regions), a mean of 37.3% of the genes were developmental genes compared with 24.2% of benign CNV genes (medians 28.4% and 0%, respectively), a highly significant difference ( P <1.0 × 10 −16 , Mann–Whitney U -test).

Again, this is highly significant ( P < 10 -16 , Wilcox rank test).

Functional network analysis of BAs: insights from protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis The PPI analysis conducted using the STRING database revealed a highly significant enrichment of interactions among the analyzed proteins (PPI enrichment p-value < 1.0e−16), indicating a biologically relevant network rather than a random association.

This detrimental effect of antibiotics was highly significant among the phyla Bacteroidota and Firmicutes_A (p < 1e–16, OR 0.7) and observed at various host ages ( Figure S2 E).

Starting with the GO gene sets, we found a highly significant enrichment in genes related to the innate immune response particularly (p = 1.×10 −16 , FDR = 1.36 × 10 −12 ).

Interaction network and functional enrichment of differentially abundant proteins The interaction network between the DAPs was highly significant (p-value < 10 −16 ), indicating that the DAPs are at least partially biologically connected (Fig. 2 ).

However, when considering the overall number of associations per source and the number of highly significant associations (-log 10 (p) ≥ 16), clear differences emerge.

The correlation between the distance of GO groups in the 0.001 cutoff co-evolution network (that is, their evolutionary distance) and their distance in the corresponding GO ontology network (that is, their functional distance) is highly significant: 0.38 for cellular component, 0.16 for biological process and 0.43 for molecular function (all three with P -values <10 -16 ; a similar trend is observed using the 0.01 cutoff network).

Notably, only proteins associated with our list of cKO- Eed -MADM–specific DEGs, but not sparse Eed -MADM–specific DEGs, formed a highly significant and densely connected network (PPI enrichment P value < 1 × 10 −16 ) (fig.