“nominally significant”

A total of 19 HLA alleles had nominally significant maternal and/or fetal effects on BW ( P <0.05; Supplementary Table S7 , available as Supplementary data at IJE online); 13 of the 19 alleles had evidence for a maternal effect only, four alleles primarily had evidence for a fetal effect only and two alleles had evidence of both.

A score of + 1 was assigned if the protein showed positive and nominally significant ( p < 0.05) association with the disease, and +2 if the association was significant after multiple test correction ( FDR-adjusted p < 0.05).

To verify the reliability of these polygenic associations, we repeated the analyses using PRS comprising only the 108 sentinel genome-wide significant schizophrenia variants 15 , based on the assumption that the effect size estimates of genome-wide significant variants should be less affected by population structure than non-significant variants; 77 of the 104 associated traits were nominally significant ( P < 0.05) based on the PRS comprising only genome-wide significant variants.

All showed a concordant effect direction between the GWAS prospective and GWAS retrospective (p=0·0005, binomial sign test), with six loci nominally significant (GWAS prospective p<0·050) and one significant after Bonferroni correction for the 12 loci (rs3851357, GWAS prospective p=0·0035).

Meanwhile, when covariates were included, 7,350 genes were nominally significant (p < 0.05), and 5,532 genes remained significant after multiple comparison correction (padj < 0.05).

HFC was significantly negatively associated with D ISF in the left thalamus ( β = −0.660, FDR-adjusted p < 0.001), with nominally significant associations in the right parahippocampal gyrus and right thalamus (FDR-adjusted p > 0.05).

Accordingly, 12 nominally significant associations from the abundance-based models and 26 from the presence-based models were identified (p<0.05, figure 5A and online supplemental table S14 ).

In the AFR samples, we found no significant effects in any of the examined p -value thresholds, although all but one were nominally significant ( p < 0.05).

However, our results indicate 87 nominally significant SVs associated with all BMD phenotypes in our overall sample analysis ( p -value <.05).

To limit multiple testing, we focused our analyses on the independent, regulatory variants with the strongest main effects on BMI, thus testing only the LD-clumped cis -regional variants of the age-DE SAT ASPC genes that showed nominally significant ( p <0.05) effects on BMI in the non-age-adjusted GWASs and landed within open chromatin regions of ASPCs[ 59 ].

In the MAGMA gene-property analysis, the abundance of hsCRP-associated genes expression was nominally significant in the liver and blood tissues ( P < 0.05, Fig S7) .

Fourteen MGSs were nominally significant for the broad spectrum (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, unadjusted p < 0.05).

Specifically, we identified a total of 169 nominally significant enriched terms ( p -value < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2), which represent a medium-confidence set, including a subset of 37 high-confidence terms that passed multiple test correction with an FDR of <0.05 ( Figure 3 ).

From the genes nominally significant for quadrant differences, 654 genes were differentially expressed ( P < 0.05) for gain; 404 for intake, and the 494 genes for their interaction (Supplemental Table 1 ).

Multivariable modelling and the relations between predictor variables All predictor variables having shown nominally significant (p < 0.05) effects on hand preference in univariable testing (i.e. all but maternal smoking) were then included in the multivariable analysis, using general linear modelling (Methods), with hand preference as the dependent variable.

In a per-protein analysis, replacing values below the limit of detection with protein specific LOD-values, five proteins (CSF-1, NTRK3, ICOSLG, SCF and PECAM-1) were found to have nominally significant differences between the two time-points (p < 0.05, Wilcox test).

Variable Selection Based on linear mixed models including the factors of time, age at enrollment, sex, and stimulus version, 23 speech variables from the picture description task showed nominally significant ( P < 0.05) effects of time at the group level.

Nominally significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) were observed in kidney, liver, lung and muscle (Supplementary Fig. 6D-G).

Although we reported nominally significant results ( p < 0.05) to maximize sensitivity for hypothesis generation, these results should be interpreted with caution until replicated in larger cohorts and MCC.

We considered a replication significant if the test was nominally significant ( P < 0.05) in both replication datasets, and the P -value for the pooled estimate was significant after correcting for the multiple tests.

Differences between groups were nominally significant (nominal P < 0.05) if the 95% confidence interval [CI] of the group difference did not include the null value (0 for mean differences and 1 for odds ratios), but for the sake of convenience, if the nominal P ‐value in the secondary analysis is less than 0.05, it is described as significant, and if it is 0.05 or more, it is described as non‐significant.

Association analysis, correcting for relatedness using LDAK, showed that 10 and 15 of these variants were nominally significant ( P < .05) in Families A and B, respectively ( Supplementary Table 1 ).

For this test we included only those SNP-taxon associations for a given SNP that were nominally significant ( P < 0.05) in at least one of the studies being compared.

Of those, 38,776 (95%) showed the same direction of effect, 33,128 (81%) also had a nominally significant p value ( p < 0.05), and 25,544 (63%) had an FDR-adjusted p < 0.05 in the BLUEPRINT data (Fig. 1b , Supplementary Data 1 ).

Although 75 proteins showed nominally significant abundance differences ( p ≤ 0.05), all corresponding q‐values were 0.99, indicating no statistically robust differences in abundance between PEA and VC at 36 h.