Predicting ICU admission in geriatric hip fracture patients with heart failure: the role of O-POSSUM and heart failure subtypes.

Moreover, BNP levels were markedly elevated in patients with HFrEF (589.3 ± 174.2 pg/mL), followed by HFmrEF (386.7 ± 126.3 pg/mL) and HFpEF (242.1 ± 108.4 pg/mL), showing a significant trend across groups ( p < 0.001) (Table 4 ) (Fig. 2 ).

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However, in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, it failed to reach statistical significance as a predictor of ICU admission (OR: 1.710, 95% CI: 0.994–2.939, p = 0.052), indicating a marginal association rather than an independent predictor (Table 3 ).

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While CCI demonstrated a near-significant relationship with ICU admission ( p = 0.052), this finding should be interpreted as a marginal association, suggesting that comorbidity burden may still influence postoperative outcomes but is likely outweighed by dynamic perioperative variables captured by the O-POSSUM model.

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The O-POSSUM score and elevated BNP were significantly associated with ICU admission (O-POSSUM OR: 1.202, 95% CI: 1.064–1.359, p = 0.003; BNP per 100 pg/mL increase OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02–1.29, p = 0.02), whereas the CCI did not reach statistical significance.

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