Similarly, the correlation between OSPAN scores and pupil dilation approached significance ( p = 0.05 for the left eye; p = 0.062 for the right eye), suggesting a potential trend toward significance.
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Restorative benefits of nature-related wooden elements in virtual reality settings for visual (eye-tracking) attention, performance, and experience.
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a near-significant trendp = 0.059
The correlation between the number of letter errors in the OSPAN task and left pupil dilation reached statistical significance ( p < 0.05), while the right eye showed a near-significant trend ( p = 0.059).
Although the difference did not reach statistical significance, pupil dilation is generally associated with cognitive load, suggesting that the wooden environment may lead to higher cognitive resource mobilization.
Moreover, the eye-tracking analysis showed a trend toward a smaller right-eye pupil diameter in the wood group, along with more stable fixation behavior, which may help participants maintain task focus and improve cognitive processing efficiency.