Levels of Circulating PD-L1 Are Decreased in Patients with Resectable Cholangiocarcinoma.

Although the differences failed to reach statistical significance in both analyses, our results argue for a potential role of circulating PD-L1 as a prognostic marker in patients with BTC, both when measured at the time-point of diagnosis and after surgery.

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Interestingly, we found highly significant negative correlations between initial PD-L1 and all of these chemokines, further corroborating the notion that circulating preoperative PD-L1 might have a prognostic function for resectable BTC ( Supplementary Figure S2A–D ). 2.3.

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Notably, in this analysis, patients with increasing PD-L1 concentrations after tumor resection demonstrated a clear trend towards an improved survival compared to patients who displayed further decreasing PD-L1 levels after surgery ( Figure 4 D).

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Notably, patients with further decreasing PD-L1 concentrations after surgery showed a trend towards an impaired postoperative outcome.

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Patients with low PD-L1 levels displayed a strong trend towards an impaired prognosis, and circulating PD-L1 was negatively correlated with experimental markers of promalignant tumor characteristics such as CCL1, CCL21, CCL25 and CCL26.

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