Excerpts

One of these settings is Croatia, with a TB incidence rate of 19 / 100 000 in 2009 and showing a decreasing trend [ 6 , 7 ].

We consider a 5% difference in absolute success rates (6 month sustained abstinence) to be highly significant.

Cuzick’s non-parametric test for trend was used to assess whether a significant trend was evident for LTPA across increasing environment score categories and across increasing psychosocial score categories.

Because the onset date of implementation did not have a clear trend, and no relationship was detected between the explanatory factors and the onset of the implementation (data not shown), only rapid implementation was analyzed as the outcome in the present study.

As to SES-obesity distributions, we found that along with the progress of education level, obesity proportions were drastically decreasing only in women, and by contrast, a positive trend was found between income and obesity proportions only in men.

Age was not an associated factor when using the WHO standard definition; however, a reported history of myocarial infarction became highly significant.

Results Drunkenness at last sex had a negative effect on the likelihood of condom use among men (AOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.99) and a marginally significant effect among women (AOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.59-1.02) in Southern Africa.

A decreasing trend in the level of CRF was observed across the categories (P for trend <0.0001).

A systematic review of available evidence in the PubMed database on socioeconomic status (SES) and adherence to ARVs did not find a consistent association but noted a positive trend between higher levels of SES and adherence [ 35 ].

Overall cervical cancer mortality has been declining, but the declining trends showed only for older women; younger women showed an increasing trend [ 1 ].

However, there was a marginally significant difference in diarrheal incidence between months classified as outbreak months corresponding to perceptions of historical outbreak periods and non-outbreak months in the dry and wet season respectively (Wilcox test, W = 456.5, p = 0.052).

Some studies [ 60 , 61 ] which were conducted in the United State also revealed that race/ethnicity was a highly significant predictor of plasma lipids.

These initiatives might have contributed to the increased awareness of the new generation about the health risks of FGM, which is evident from having a considerable proportion of the mutilated participants not having the intension to mutilate their daughters and the marginally statistically significant lower mean age of non-mutilated study participants than that of mutilated participants.

The percentage shows a decreasing trend with two smaller peaks of 13.6% and 8.8% in the age-groups 20–24 and 30–34 years, respectively.

For women the greatest reductions in obesity are seen in the lowest income groups and for men the greatest reductions in obesity are in the highest income group, with a positive trend across the income groups (Table 4 ).

Relative socioeconomic inequalities in obesity measured by level of education did not show a clear trend.

A study including 377 shift workers and non-shift workers found a positive relationship between duration of shift work and BMI [ 14 ], and a cross-sectional survey found that longer exposure to shift work was a highly significant predictor of increased BMI [ 15 ].

Noticeably, we found an almost significant value for this association in our population, which became significant in the model with additional adjustment by Z score.

Increasing frequency of child-reported negative experiences was associated with caregiver indication of child bullying for the items: “Tried to get you into trouble with your friends,” “Made fun of you for some reason,” and “Punched, kicked, or beat you up.” “Hurt you physically in any other way” was marginally insignificant.

In a meta-analysis, Anderson et al. [ 25 ] reported that the relationship between anxiety and glycemic control only approached significance, though anxiety measured via diagnostic interviews was significantly associated with hyperglycemia.

Recent studies revealed an increasing trend of HIV/STD prevalence in Chinese MSM [ 10 ].

In our study, univariate analysis showed a trend toward higher mortality among HT users, and age probably had an effect on this group.

In a study from China, a slightly increasing trend of metabolic parameter levels was found at the 75 th percentile of BMI and a significant increase was found when BMI ≥ 85 th percentile [ 29 ].

While we found that, as per the literature, violence in the last year was highly related to psychological distress, lifetime sexual assault was not significantly associated with our dependent variable, although a clear trend was identifiable in the bivariate analyses (22.7% of participants who had been a victim of sexual violence in life reported PD, compared with 13.5% of those who had not been a victim of such assaults; F = 3.7; p = .05); this link became non-significant when controlled for other variables.

The results of this study also revealed that there was an increasing trend in cancer stages 1 and 2.