Excerpts

This determinant significantly increased at the short-term and borderline significant at long-term.

A 95% confidence interval (CI) excluding zero indicated a notable trend. 2.

Injection drug use in the other cities (OR: 1.69, P = 0.089) and sometimes sharing injection equipments with others (OR: 1.91, P = 0.082) were also associated with HIV serostatus with borderline significance.

Furthermore, from 2018 to 2021, CHE incidence showed a decreasing trend (2.85–1.60%) under urban patients’ payment capability level, but an increasing trend (11.94%–18.42) under rural patients’ payment capability level.

Our study also observed a decreasing trend in the percentage of individuals sitting for 2–4 h outside of work after 2017, alongside an increase in the percentage of individuals sitting for 4–6 h (Table 3 ).

Papanicolaou test In women aged 20 to 69 years, there is a clear trend towards increased utilization of Pap testing as income increases, although the highest probability of being tested was in those whose income was not reported.

Three daily smoking trend groups are identified: countries with a declining or stagnating trend, countries with an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend, and countries with an increasing trend.

An exception is the association with the handling of heavy objects, which turned out to be of borderline significance.

Specifically, there was an increasing trend during lag days 11–22.

In all of the 3 subcategories examined, the annual number of published articles worldwide showed an increasing trend, a phenomenon that was more pronounced in the "Public Health" subcategory (Table 3 ), probably due to the gradual increase in the number of journals of the ISI category throughout the study period.

For all living conditions in East Germany, we observed highly significant time trends: The number of single children and those living near a busy road increased over time, the latter peaking in the mid-nineties.

In contrast the picture for moderate/heavy smoking shows all predictor variables as highly significant after adjustment for age and residence status.

There was a weak trend towards older decedents being less likely to overdose on cocaine and opiates.

The effect of the year of study period remained highly significant in the multivariable model.

The mean number of cigarettes/day (cig/d) before pregnancy remained constant, around 16 cig/d, whereas a slight trend to increase over time was seen, from 7.7 to 8.9 cig/d.

For heart problems, smoking initiation age before 10 years old remained significantly associated with higher risk in both HRS (aHR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.05–2.11) and CHARLS cohorts (aHR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.05–2.13), while the MHAS cohort showed borderline significance.

These two influencing policies have resulted in an increasing trend in the number of tuberculosis patients treated by institutions other than tuberculosis sanatoria.

Similarly, according to the regular survey data undertaken by the Tobacco and Wine Monopoly Bureau, the smoking and alcohol consumption rates of adult women were relatively low in the early-1970s; there has, however, been an increasing trend over the last three decades for alcohol but not for smoking, as illustrated in Figure 1 [ 45 , 46 ].

As the lag days increased, the risk of PTB showed a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing again.

Older age was associated with injury after controlling for the other variables, though of marginal significance.

The higher prevalence of disease in the newer cohort was mirrored in the borderline significant increase in reporting of poor or fair self-rated health in the new cohort (Table 2 ).

From the perspective of drug usage, the frequency of medical insurance claims for negotiated anticancer medicines and medication costs showed an increasing trend from 2018 to 2021.

Among these cities, the data showed a trend of sharp decreases between T1 and T2, followed by modest increases from T2 through T4.

Questions A, C, D, E, F all showed significant or almost significant shifts in both smokers and non-smokers, while for questions B and I the shift was seen much more in the smokers, who had been initially less positive.

Among participants experiencing the same extent of chronic pain, there was an increasing trend in the risk of CVD and CHD as sleep patterns deteriorated.