Excerpts

Intention and past behaviour significantly predicted dieting behaviour, while self-identity and self-efficacy approached significance.

The only predictor of non-dieting behaviour was planning (β = .14, p = .02), while intention (β = .17, p = .07) and self-identity (β = .19, p = .09) were quite close to significance.

The cohort-specific relative risk estimates revealed an increasing trend for the male cohorts born between 1896 and 1931 and for the female cohorts born between 1896 and 1911.

There was a decreasing trend in the relative risk among the four oldest cohorts (born between 1876 and 1891).

While the estimated period effects had an overall positive trend, cohort-specific developments indicated a positive trend for the male cohorts born between 1891 and 1931 and for the female cohorts born between 1891 and 1911, but a negative trend for subsequent cohorts.

4b , we observed an increasing trend of the index's within-household variability in terms of standard deviation (median [IQR]) from no-mild (2.2 [1.2, 2.8]), moderate (3.4 [2.5, 4.4]) to the severe HFI group (4.8 [3.6, 5.1]).

Interestingly, this underestimation effect remained highly significant after controlling for the demographic variables.

Despite an increasing trend in NCD related morbidity and mortality, implementation of the WHO policy recommendations remains slow.

However, it must be noted that the highlighted associations in the paper are highly significant and likely to remain so even if corrected for multiple comparisons.

Although there has recently been an increasing trend in India towards commissioned research by government and international agencies in some aspects of public health, this by itself is not enough to boost comprehensive public health research in India, and the reports of such studies are many times not available in the public domain which reduces the chance of their widespread utilisation.

Smoking was also associated with poor self-rated health, although the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test showed a marginal significance.

On the other hand, a study conducted in the context of national health and nutrition examination survey revealed an increasing trend in general and abdominal obesity in adolescents aged 12 – 18 years [ 29 ].

Parental obesity was directly related to the severity of food insecurity so that by increasing severity of food insecurity from household food secure to child hunger, the prevalence of mother’s obesity significantly increased and this association was marginally significant for fathers (Table 1 ).

P -values ≥0.01 and <0.05 were considered borderline significant.

Our review demonstrates that there may be significant obesity and PA-related benefits in using fuel excise taxation as more than a neutral revenue-raising stream.

Although not significant in all cases, research indicates a clear trend towards an association between social relationships and mental health and/or wellbeing.

Based on the Framingham risk score a clear trend toward higher total risk in association with socioeconomic development was observed among men, while among women there was considerable overlap, with the US participants having only a modestly higher risk score.

Additionally, previous incarceration (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 0.99, 2.42) was a relevant determinant of underweight with a borderline significance.

That this preference was expressed would, however, suggest there are likely to be significant numbers who download alcohol reduction apps not necessarily to reduce drinking directly, but who instead wish to manage a number of non-health related outcomes.

RDTs have a high diagnostic accuracy across contexts, although a worrying trend of lower specificity in the retail sector needs to be examined.

The extended working day moving average did not show an increasing trend and, more importantly, neither did the data.

In men, there was a linear rise in the prevalence of overweight/obesity and the mean WHR, but not in the prevalence of abdominal obesity; in women, the prevalence of abdominal obesity and WHR rose linearly, but not the prevalence of overweight/obesity (Table 3 ). Trends in blood pressure Systolic blood pressure fluctuated by 3 mmHg in men with a decreasing trend whereas it remained stable in women (Table 3 ).

[ 23 ] showed household income to be the strongest and most robust independent predictor of food purchasing behaviour, and the effects of education to be substantially attenuated (to non-significance or marginal significance).

In our study, there was also a significant trend in the consumption of milk in men, being more frequently ingested with increasing income.

A systematic review on alcohol harm showed a decreasing trend in alcohol consumption among adolescents in the UK [ 3 ]; a similar trend was also observed in cigarette use among school-aged children in England [ 4 ].