Excerpts

Assessment of publication bias The Cochran’s Q statistic was highly significant (Q = 1.8 × 10 6 , P = 0.000), indicating substantial heterogeneity among the studies.

coli showed highly significant differences in all seasons (p = 0.000), while K. pneumoniae differed significantly in summer ( p = 0.016) and winter ( p = 0.045) but not fall. 3.2.

The inverse Simpson index also revealed a highly significant difference between sample types (Kruskal-Wallis H = 12.86, p = 0), with hosts demonstrating greater community diversity compared to ticks.

In terms of the efficacy of each treatment in reducing Xcc symptoms, which was calculated based on the symptom severity scores as described in section 2.9, analysis of our data revealed a very highly significant difference between the treatments ( p = 0.000) ( Figure 10 ).

Highly significant differences in AUDPC values ( p = 0.00) were observed for the treatments, with disease progression monitored weekly.

These compositional correlations are, in all cases, positive and highly significant ( p -values ≈ 0).

This overlap was determined to be highly significant ( p = 4.6 × 10 −146 , Fisher’s exact test) with an odds ratio of 43.0.

We measured the relative abundance of the total ether-linked lipids and observed a highly significant elevation ( p -value = 2.94E-38) of total ether-linked lipids at 48 h post virus infection ( Figure 5C ).

However, in this present study, when the tRNA genes were considered as a concatenated sequence, the lack of transposon insertions was highly significant ( P -value = 10 −21 ), thus supporting their essentiality.

The effective degrees of freedom (edf) for the smoothing term were 8.918, and the corresponding F-statistic and p -value indicated that the smoothing term was highly significant ( p -value < 2e-16).

The above nearly significant interaction, when comparing the 50 vs. 100% treatments, is marginal in comparison to the differences in density across weeks ( z = −16.916, p < 2e-16).

The difference between the nuclear area of cells from infected and uninfected plants was highly significant (based on the Brown–Mood median test, p = 2.2e-16), and the nuclear area of cells from P. brassicae -infected plants was 2.8 times bigger based on the median size.

Results from Figure 3 showed a highly significant difference in MIC values among the treatments (χ 2 = 270.89, df = 5, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ), with a very large effect size (ε 2 = 0.85, 95% CI [0.80, 0.89]).

Observed richness did not significantly differ by diet regimen ( F = 0.296; p = 0.746) but sample type was highly significant ( F = 106.45; p = 4.38 × 10 –16 ; Figure 4 ).

One-way analysis of variance confirmed a highly significant difference in spore concentrations among all strains ( p = 2.36 × 10 –10 ; Supplementary Table 2 ).

coli presence was highly significant ( p -value = 1.39E-09), the effect was very small.

Using the selected model, the R, G, B variable coefficients ± SEM were all found to be highly significant ( p < 10 −8 ) and estimated at β 1 = 0.080 ± 0.0152, β 2 = −0.722 ± 0.0174, β 3 = 0.543 ± 0.0140, respectively, implying a minor contribution of the R variable to positive pixel predictability and a substantial but reciprocal effect of the G and B variables.

The association of this subset of taxa with the target phenotype was highly significant ( p -value < 10 –8 ).

Both the integrated fluorescence intensities, which represent the amount of DNA per nucleoid ( Figures 3B,D and Table 1 , columns 11 and 12), and the measurements of nucleoid lengths ( Table 1 , columns 13 and 14) indicate that the difference in DNA between small and large deeply-constricted cells at the fast growth rate is highly significant ( p < 10 -8 , as determined by a two-tail t -test); at the slow growth rate, the difference remains significant, but just barely ( p = 0.035).

Such a difference would be highly significant for independent species (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, p < 3 ∗ 10 -8 ).

However, during the incubation period, their proportion increased on plant leaves (4–17%) and even highly significant in the case of samples from surrounding abiotic surfaces (0–25%; two-way ANOVA P = 1.1 ∗ 10 -7 ).

Statistical comparison confirmed these differences as highly significant: In versus IS (Wilcoxon test, p = 7.50 × 10 −7 , ****), and IS versus Tn ( p = 4.25 × 10 −3 , **).

All comparisons were highly significant ( p < 0.000001), confirming that the antimicrobial effect of PAW was not transient and was maintained within 24 h storage.

The proportion of infection (clear spots) in 63 microviruses of the collection previously reported ( Van Cauwenberghe et al., 2021 ) showed a significant trend to infect R. etli over R. phaseoli (two-samples t-test p = 2 × 10 −6 ; Figures 2B , C ).

We found that the expression of IL2RG, used by all common gamma chain cytokines, exhibited a highly significant upregulation pattern in SIV compared to control ( p = 0.000045), and in SIV/Meth compared to SIV ( p = 0.0001).