Excerpts

There were no significant differences in growth rate associated with habitat of origin (Origin effect, Table 2B ), and although there was a marginally significant Origin ∗ Media effect ( Table 2B ), contrasts within this effect detected no habitat of origin-specific differences in responses to the same media.

This absence of mean differences and differences in variability among habitats of origin does not reflect low overall variation in growth rate; in fact, there were highly significant differences among isolates within habitats of origin in their overall and media-specific growth (Isolate(Origin) [mean] and Isolate ∗ Media(Origin) [mean] effects, Table 2A ).

Differences in these two studies suggests that there is a dynamic exchange between eelgrass leaf microbiomes and the water column when plants are submerged, and that leaf microbiomes may be significant sources of organisms to local bacterioplankton.

The DEGs number and corrected P -values results indicated that DEGs in the pathways of ABC transporters (ko02010) and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism (ko00260) play extremely significant roles under salt stress.

In addition, there was a clear trend that the relative abundance of all these ammonia monooxygenase subunits ( Figure 6A ) increased with depth.

Sino-nasal outcome test−22 (SNOT-22) Patients in the CON group showed no change in SNOT-22 scores post- treatment while CS group showed a trend toward an improvement in SNOT-22 scores, but it was not statistically significant (CON −0.6364 [95% CI −6.673 to 5.4] vs.

Interestingly, N -acetyl- L -alanine had a decreasing trend in both overnight- and inoculation-induced pLac32EBI + pBadMEV as well as in wild type, and by hour 2, concentrations in inoculation-induced pLac32EBI + pBadMEV were significantly lower than in overnight-induced and wild type (Supplementary Figure 5C ).

Besides, the presence of some virulence determinants such as agg and gelE genes in MZF1 and MZF4 cannot be considered as a negative trend since some commercial enterococci starter cultures with a long history of safe use are also known to possess several virulence genes such as ace, asa1, gelE , and esp .

However, no significant differences were observed in the lipid peroxidation between unstressed cells with or without MEL, although in some strains, there was an increasing trend in lipid peroxidation in presence of MEL ( Figure 2A and Supplementary Table S1 , Control and MEL).

A difference with P < 0.05 was considered significant, and a difference with P < 0.01 was considered extremely significant.

Immunological changes in FE and MIX showed a trend similar to group 8AB (Figure 5 , Figures S4A,B , Table 4 ).

There is also a clear trend of greater separation of the community make-up of the treatments as treatment concentration increases throughout the treatment phases and when the columns are allowed to re-sour in phase 7 the treatments remain separate from each other and do not return to the pretreatment community ( Supplementary Figure S5 ).

Moreover, the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes in the COS group showed a trend of increase, however, it was not significantly different from that in the control.

As the points that were close to each other had similar metabolic profiles, our results indicated that there might be significant metabolic differences among the four groups.

longanae -inoculated longan fruits showed a trend similar as the control longans.

The result showed that a highly significant reduction in the amount of fungal actin DNA was observed at 3 dpi for the Δ Chsat4 mutant compared with the wild type (Figure 6D ).

Fecal calprotectin showed a trend similar to blood hs-CRP level, with significant variation (Figure S2 ).

In these analyses, P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant, while P < 0.01 was considered to be an extremely significant difference.

Potassium ion (K + ) has an increasing trend from outside to inside of the cell membrane, while sodium (Na + ) and chloride (Cl - ) ions have the opposite distribution pattern.

Another main limitation is that the association between intestinal permeability and the microbiological biomarker defined in this study, albeit highly significant, could not establish the mechanistic role and cause-effect relevance governing intestinal barrier maturation and the microbial biomarkers.

In contrast, the pH values of the reference core ranged from 3.5 to 4.5 without displaying a clear trend.

As our sampling stations did not have a continuum of depths, a clear trend of archaeal community shifts with depth could not be observed.

Nevertheless, the full time-series data clearly showed a positive trend confirming the increasing incorporation of 15 N in these molecular ions. 15 N Atom Fraction Calculation The measured isotope ratios were converted to 15 N atom fraction (Atom%), which gives the percentage of a specific atom within the total number of atoms.

Whereas, the effect on chromosomal genes was highly significant, the impact of imipenem exposure on the transcription of plasmid genes was more limited.

Diatom Community Structure and Diversity According to our third hypothesis we found a clear trend in both community structure and taxonomic diversity parameters (Shannon Index & Pielou Index) in dependence to flow velocity while TKE seems to have no effect.