Excerpts

The leaf, litter, and soil N:P ratios were 35.76-47.39, 34.73-51.29 and 4.01-8.00, respectively, at different restoration years, with an overall trend of litter > leaf > soil ( Figure 5 ).

Slightly significant decreases of this parameter were recorded for the AN4-P 2 after the 5 Gy dose compared to same-genotype untreated controls 28 DAI ( Figure 8A ).

The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences in genotype, environment, and genotype-environment interactions for three yield-related traits.

The stacking of resistance alleles for SNB and TS exhibited a clear trend that the number of resistance alleles is positively correlated with disease resistance ( Figure 6 ).

(2022a) showed that the hardness of rice, amylose content, starch granules size, the proportion of amylopectin A chain and B1 chain showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing as the proportion of postponing N topdressing, and the N application management of the base: tiller: panicle fertilizer=5:2:3 helped to increase the breakdown value, gelatinization enthalpy, reduce the setback value, improve the starch gelatinization properties, and ultimately reduce the hardness of rice and improve the taste.

Starch granule size distribution As shown in Table 4 , the effects of each variety at different grain positions and N fertilizer management on the percentage of superior and inferior grains, small and large starch granules, and starch volume mean diameter (D[4,3]) reached significant or highly significant levels, and the interaction effect of the two factors was highly significant.

A wide range of biotic stressors may impact agricultural yields, and due to decreased output levels, there may be significant financial losses.

Three highly significant MTAs for DON, Ra_c4159_2716 ( QFhb-1A.1 ), Ra_c41921_951 ( QFhb-4B.4 ), and Ra_c29107_289 ( QFhb-6A ), were subjected to candidate gene analysis to identify genes/gene networks associated with resistance.

In addition, research results have shown that soil organic carbon is the main determinant of active organic carbon, and there is a highly significant positive correlation between different active organic carbon components, indicating that they are closely related and jointly affect the turnover of soil organic carbon as similar active carbon pools ( Wang et al., 2020 ).

Soil TN, TP, and AK all showed an increasing trend with vegetation restoration ( Figures 5D, E, F ), and vegetation restoration had a significant effect on all three factors ( p <0.05).

Our results showed that the vegetation in the TRHR responded positively to restoration: 89% of pixels showed an increasing trend and 54% of pixels underwent an abrupt change.

These results indicated a clear trend of rapid vegetation recovery after each project.

However, the grain biomass increased by 2.4%–20.4%, and total biomass showed a decreasing trend when excessive PFM was embedded in the farmland.

Nevertheless, there was some significant difference in the summer maize experiment, the plant height showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the growth of PFM volume, and the variation range of the PFM groups was −3.3%–5.5% compared with the control groups ( R 2 = −0.74 and −0.56, p > 0.05).

Moreover, implications derived from seed coat thickness ratio analysis ( Figure 9B ) showed a low degree of characterization of seed coat thickness ratio among these distinct years, as seen by the mean value ranging between 0.031 and 0.034 showing an increasing trend — that was, the relative thickness of the seed coat increased.

Through Pearson correlation analysis of 11 phenotypic characteristics of cotton seeds ( Figure 5 ), it revealed a highly significant positive correlation between the volume and surface area of the seed and the volume and surface area of the seed kernel, as well as the volume of the seed coat (r = 0.57~0.83, P < 0.001).

While the seed coat specific surface area increased initially from 1904-1958 to 1990-2020, it underwent a decreasing trend afterwards, but there was no significant variation in seed coat specific surface area among these generational cohorts.

Although the utilization rate showed a decreasing trend, there was no significant change in the soil residual rate (basically maintained at 40%); it seemed likely that there was still a potential for fertilizer nitrogen to be recovered in the later stage.

There was a highly significant positive correlation among NTE, NCR, and NHI, indicating that nitrogen accumulation in the vegetative organs before anthesis was necessary due to the great significance for grain-filling, transport, and distribution of nitrogen after anthesis.

The soil’s physical properties showed a decreasing trend with the depth for different cropping systems and in different ecological regions.

During shadeflecks, A declined near-monotonically, but showed an increasing trend during the diurnal period.

Statistically significant (p < 0.05) results are indicated with exact p-values given in parentheses, and statistically non-significant results are indicated with ns , where suitable p-values of “almost significant” results are indicated. 3.

Thus, there might be significant variability in phytoplankton community structure across different habitats.

Compared to the control group, both intertidal and inland-grown brown seeds showed a decreasing trend in germination percentage.

There is a strong trend of induction of OsIRO2 expression in leaves of Nipponbare interacting with RIN ( Figure 5 ; Supplementary Table 3 ; Supplementary Figure 3 ).