Excerpts

The annual average surface temperature is slightly higher than the annual average air temperature, ranging from 4.8°C to 29.27°C, and shows a decreasing trend with increasing latitude.

However, this study explicitly indicates that, compared to the red-edge band, indicators related to the blue band, such as BF, B, BRI, and LIC, consistently prove to be highly significant for monitoring wilt severity across all stages of disease development, regardless of leaf layers.

Within the same disease severity level, spectral reflectance exhibits a decreasing trend as leaf layer moves higher.

In contrast, both GR activity and GSH content in leaves and roots under treatment groups D and DG showed an increasing trend with time, and all of them were significantly higher than those of CK after 5 d ( Figures 6i–l ).

This differential expression pattern became more pronounced under 35°C heat stress, with StWRKY75 -overexpressing lines showing extremely significant upregulation of these stress-responsive genes relative to NT plants.

During the fiber development, the cellulose content showed a trend of gradual increase.

Maize biomass showed a trend of cumulative increase as fertility advances, with biomass values peaking at the end of the growth period.

The yield, WUE , IWUE , and PFP showed an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend at the three different irrigation quotas.

Among the 79 transcription factors (TFs) identified as differentially regulated, seven belong to the G2-like family, with five exhibiting highly significant NH 4 NO 3 -induction of expression ( Figure 1A ; Supplementary method and Table S1 ).

officinalis showed a significant trend of segregation based on PCA.

Similar to Zn, Se concentration in vegetables exhibited a decreasing trend under elevated CO 2 .

officinalis not only changes in area but also shows a significant trend of migration in spatial distribution.

The expression levels of LaAMY3 and LaBAM1 / 3 exhibited an increasing trend, which facilitated the decomposition and formation of starch.

Effect of drought stress on hydraulic traits of cotton plants As the degree and duration of drought stress increased, K leaf showed a decreasing trend compared with CK ( Figure 3A ), and by day 14 of drought treatment, a significant difference was observed, with K leaf reduced by 7.17% and 18.77% in the MD and SD treatments, respectively, compared with CK.

This experiment demonstrated that g s was significantly and positively correlated with stomatal width, stomatal area, and stomatal aperture, but it showed a highly significant negative correlation with stomatal density ( Supplementary Figure S4A–D ).

The results demonstrated significant or highly significant correlations among most phenotypic traits; specifically, significant correlations were observed between single-spike weight and single-spike grain weight, as well as between grain a* and grain b. * Significant negative correlations were found between seedling-to-spike period and 1000-grain weight, and between seedling-to-spike period and leaf sheath color; weak correlations of varying degrees existed among other traits, indicating that most phenotypic traits in the foxtail millet accessions exhibited interactive and mutually reinforcing relationships.

dasycarpus , precipitation factors followed an increasing trend, while temperature factors followed a decreasing trend; for wild D. dasycarpus , temperature factors also followed a decreasing trend ( Table 3 ). 4.

miltiorrhiza showed an increasing trend under D stress compared with the CK group.

miltiorrhiza under drought stress all showed a decreasing trend compared with the B-CK group.

The difference between Pn and Vcmax was highly significant under the treatments of variety and nitrogen level, but not under their interaction.

The area of DNF GPP GS with an increasing trend (50.47%) was basically the same as the area with a decreasing trend (49.49%), but the much more of the increasing trend areas was significant (31.46% compared with 0.80%).

Additionally, the stem lodging index demonstrated an increasing trend with higher seeding rates, following the order of S135 > S105 > S75 > S45 ( Figure 6C ). 3.7.

Effects of different seeding rates on the 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of primary and secondary branches in direct-seeded rice As the seeding rate increased from S45 to S135, the 1000-grain weight of primary and secondary branches for both main stems and tillers in direct-seeded rice exhibited a decreasing trend, following the order of S45 > S75 > S105 > S135 ( Figures 4A, B ).

Operating the model under default parameters as outlined in the AquaCrop manual ( Raes et al., 2012 ), the results exhibited a clear trend of overestimation, with the RMSE ranging from 9.56 to 24.18 mm, corresponding to 9.6%–24.2% of the total available water.

ANOVA results revealed that both planting density and nitrogen application had highly significant effects on silage rice yield in both cultivars ( Supplementary Table S2 ).