Excerpts

Soil N and P concentrations both showed an increasing trend with soil salinity (although some cases are not significant, data not shown), however, plant N and P concentrations showed different trends: plant N concentration remained unchanged or decreased, while P concentration remained unchanged or increased with increasing salinity.

At all three elevation sites, the threshold value of I when stemflow emerged showed a trend opposite to the acceleration of SF with I ( Figure 2 ).

The results showed that ( Figure 9B ), the genes of root development also showed a trend of overdominant expression.

The results showed that: 1) with increased grazing intensity and enhanced human activities from 1990 to 2015, the grasslands of the northern Tibetan Plateau were greatly degraded, most of which was converted into the barren land, and the conversion proportion was as high as 90.84%, which lead to a decreasing trend of the current density of ecological network in most counties and deterioration of ecological connectivity; 2) fencing construction has reduced regional current density, while fencing intensity is positively correlated with current density loss at county scale.

TSS revealed a close to neutral correlation with most of the physiological, morphological and phenological traits except MAT (0.30) and SPAD2 (-0.31), where highly significant positive and negative associations, respectively, were observed ( Figure 1 ).

With the postponement of the water deficit stage, P n , G s , and T r showed an increasing trend, while C i showed a trend of decreasing at the beginning and then increasing later ( Figure 5D ), while LWUE showed a firmly decreasing trend ( Figure 5F ).

Highly significant correlations between CL and SL were reported under control (0.71) and drought conditions (0.56).

The accumulation of gibberellin 12 (GA 12), gibberellin 1 (GA 1), gibberellin 4 (GA 4), gibberellin 9 (GA 9), gibberellin 14 (GA 14), gibberellin 15 (GA 15), gibberellin 20 (GA 20), and gibberellin 53 (GA 53) showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing during NaCl stress, with the highest levels reaching at 24 h ( Figure 5A ).

The total flavonoid content and the content of seven flavonoids in the leaves of Cymbopogon showed an increasing trend with increasing salt concentrations, and short-term salt stress also enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity in the leaves of Cymbopogon ( Lei et al., 2021 ).

Generally, the decay rate of Pal ::GFP in aerosols showed a decreasing trend with rising temperature and falling RH ( Figure 3 ).

Drought had caused a highly significant decrease in grain height, spike weight, and thousand grain weights, which was consistent with the results of this study ( Table 1 ). 4.3 Regulator mechanism of proline biosynthesis under drought stress The main physiological mechanism of plant adaptation to water stress is osmoregulation.

After salt treatment, the levels of ABA, SA, and JA were significantly increased, the levels of GA were decreased, and IAA and tZ showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.

Five SA signal transduction related genes ( Solyc02g069310 , Solyc04g040220 , Solyc10g079460 , Solyc10g079750 and NPR1 ) were upregulated, while TGA transcription factors were generally showed a decreasing trend ( Figure 3E ).

Genetic components of plant development in the group of 188 winter wheat cultivars Two-way ANOVAs were carried out on the various phenotypic traits, and both main factors—genotype and year—were highly significant components of trait variances ( Supplementary Table 1 ).

The result declared that the soil variables (OM %, N %, P mg/Kg, K mg/Kg) and biomass of plant show a decreasing trend from low to high altitude except for available water contents (AW %) and Potassium (K mg/Kg) contents.

Moreover, with increasing precipitation, the C fluxes showed an increasing trend, while they decreased with increasing temperature ( Figure 1B ).

Regarding to the FA composition in DAG, MUFAs increased at lower temperatures from 18% at 31°C to 33% at 9°C, while PUFAs and SFA did not show a clear trend.

In addition, the expression level of AhGPAT9 showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing during seed development.

Meanwhile, the number of siliques per plant was significantly reduced, and the mean weight per silique showed an increasing trend with no statistically significant difference ( Figures 8B, C ).

Under both LDU requirements, an increasing trend was shown when the included angle increased from 23° to 32°, while a gradually decreasing trend was observed when the included angle further increased from 32° to 35° ( Table 2 ).

(2014) determined higher carotenoid contents in Arabidopsis grown at higher temperatures (17°C to 27°C), while there was only a positive trend in kale and spinach (from 10°C to 30°C) ( Lefsrud et al.

An interesting trend observed in the essential oil of CR9×CR3 was that in both harvests of 2017, sesquiterpenes, mainly caryophyllene oxide and ( E )-β-caryophyllene, dominated the essential oil and, when the levels of those compounds were reduced (3 rd and 4 th successive harvests), Z,E- nepetalactone levels were high.

Our previous study has demonstrated that endogenous ABA shows a decreasing trend, while GA first increases and then decreases in P. notoginseng seeds during the after-ripening process ( Yang et al., 2018 ), and some candidate genes related to seed dormancy have been obtained in P. notoginseng , including ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5 ( ABI5 ), XANTHOXIN DEHYDROGENASE ( ABA2 ), PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C ( PP2C ), DELLA PROTEIN GA-INSENSITIVE ( GAI ), and GAINSENSITIVE DWARF 2 ( GID2 ) ( Yang et al., 2019 ).

Correspondingly, all of the melatonin biosynthetic genes investigated here exhibited an increasing trend firstly and then declined during the remaining storage time.

Furthermore, glycosides showed highly significant positive correlations with their respective malonylglycosides, genistin and malonylgenistin ( r = 0.90***), daidzin and malonyldaidzin ( r = 0.89***), and glycitin and malonylglycitin ( r = 0.87***) ( Figure 2 ). 3.2 GWAS reveals candidate loci underlying seed isoflavone contents The phenotypic and genotypic data for 1551 diverse soybean accessions were used for GWAS analysis to identify putative loci associated with isoflavone contents in the individual environment (Hainan 2017, Hainan 2018, Beijing 2017, Beijing 2018, and Anhui 2017).