Excerpts

2.6 Preprocessing methods for texture features and vegetation index feature calculation Based on the preprocessed multispectral images acquired throughout the year, nine vegetation index with clear indicative significance for the physiological status of the litchi canopy were systematically extracted to quantify the growth conditions of litchi across different phenological stages ( Han et al., 2024 ).

(2024) observed that soil nutrient concentrations consistently exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing depth across different time periods.

Analysis of variance further confirmed that the application ratio had significant or highly significant effects on key dry matter translocation indicators.

From V3 stage to R6 stage, the ratio of leaf distribution was gradually decreasing; the ratio of spike distribution was gradually increasing, and reaching its maximum at R6 stage; while the ratio of stem distribution showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, with the highest ratio observed during the VT stage ( Supplementary Figure 2 ).

manshurica , the expression levels of GmCAD14 , GmCAD26 , GmCAD28 , GmCAD36 , GmCCoAOMT1 , GmCCoAOMT3 , GmCCoAOMT4 , and GmCCoAOMT5 in the HR accession JH showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing after inoculation with P. manshurica , and these peaked at 24 h.

Although our evaluation of Chao1, Shannon, Pielou’s evenness, and phylogenetic diversity indexes revealed no significant differences in local α-diversity between the two microhabitats, our β-diversity profiling via PCoA and PERMANOVA demonstrated a highly significant, directional turnover based on Bray–Curtis distances.

angustifolia was relatively high, although the total suitable habitat area showed a decreasing trend.

angustifolia , with an overall trend of substantial suppression.

Meteorological data from Duolun County indicate an increasing trend in precipitation over the last five years up to the study period ( Supplementary Figure 1a ).

While most of the correlations according to Pearson are highly significant due to the large sample size, differences in the strength of interaction were observed.

chinensis cultivars showed a decreasing trend.

3 Results 3.1 Relative water content and relative conductivity in leaves The relative water content of all treated leaves showed a decreasing trend ( Figure 2 ).

Furthermore, this study found that although there is a highly significant positive correlation between H 2 O 2 and POD in the leaves, there was no apparent correlation with the regulatory gene GmPOD , indicating that POD did not play a major role in the formation of this homeostasis.

Compared with the CK, F 0 increased under the T1 treatment, whereas F m showed a decreasing trend; under T2, F 0 increased further and F m declined markedly.

Overall, the expression levels of genes in these clusters showed a decreasing trend.

Broadleaf forests show a weak trend of advancement, with a rate of 0.18 days/year and a cumulative advancement of 12.6 days in 20 years.

The development trend of vegetation in Xinjiang, southeastern Gansu, Ningxia, and northern and central Shaanxi showed a delay, with a significant trend in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Ningxia.

The interannual variation in vegetation phenology in China from 2001 to 2020 showed different degrees of fluctuation and a clear trend.

In contrast, silique length appears to be influenced by more genes or exhibits stronger environmental interactions, with BnaAOG1.A10 and BnaAOG1.C09 showing a clear trend effect in regulating SL.

Student’s T −test was used to assess significance, with p < 0.05 considered significant and p < 0.01 highly significant.

And the reduction in DMA was likely related to the shortened growth period, as they exhibited a highly significant positive correlation.

The high-temperature days and frequency of heavy rain events (especially the period from 10 days before silking to R6 which are the main formation period of ear kernel number and 1000-grain weight) showed an increasing trend with delayed sowing ( Figures 3C–G ).

Deep root index was not significantly affected by water treatment alone, whereas genotype and genotype × water interaction effects were highly significant, indicating a strong genotype-dependent pattern of root depth allocation.

Roots Ammonium-supplied plants generally showed a trend toward decreasing nutrient concentrations with increasing CO 2 concentration while NO 3 - -supplied plants varied widely across CO 2 treatments (Figure 5 ).

There was a clear trend in SbSUT5 expression during the vegetative stage of development and at anthesis, and expression levels differed between cv.