Excerpts

Upon further analysis of the DEGs, we observed that wax coating resulted in the downregulation of genes involved in ethylene syntheses, such as metK , ACS , and ACO , whereas the ERFs did not show a clear trend.

It was found that purine metabolism played an important role in the acclimatization of Arabidopsis to drought ( Watanabe et al., 2010 ; Itam et al., 2020 ), and pyrimidine metabolites showed an increasing trend under drought-stress conditions in bread wheat ( Itam et al., 2020 ).

Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated that the transcription of tannin biosynthesis genes (i.e., F3H , DFR , ANR , ANS , and LAR ) and the abundance of most related metabolites (i.e., naringenin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, cyanidin, proanthocyanidin, catechin, epicatechin and procyandin B1) showed a positive correlation, particularly for LAR and ANR , which possessed the highest frequency of highly significant positive correlation ( Figure 2C ).

The accumulated PAR for XY335 and ZD958 was 1,162.1 and 1,145.5 MJ m –2 by the 0D model, whereas that decreased to 797.3 and 785.9 MJ m –2 by the 1D model, to 788.7 and 791.4 MJ m –2 by the 2D model, and further to 398.9 and 445.9 MJ m –2 by the 3D model, showing a decreasing trend with increasing the resolution of light simulation.

Whereas, the ratio of 5′ UTR AS3, 3′ UTR AS1 and 3′ UTR AS2 all showed a trend of first increase and then decrease.

sativa seedlings are infected with PC and drought conditions are prolonged or waterlogging is applied, the mortality caused by the pathogen is highly significant.

Sodium silicate treatment promoted the expression levels of StPOD, StNOX , and the production of ROS During wound healing, the expression of StPOD and StNOX showed a trend of first ascending and then descending ( Figures 5A,B ).

As a result, we found that green fluorescence area and brightness generally showed an increasing trend over time, and the trends were different among these SR1 and 4 mutant lines samples, where the maximum and minimum of green fluorescence area and brightness were mutant-4 and mutant-1 respectively.

The results showed that the distribution of green fluorescence area and brightness between SR1 and other 4 mutant lines had extremely significant differences.

In the early stages of growth, all phenotypes presented an increasing trend.

This was depicted by a decreasing trend in SOD, POD, and CAT activities.

Further, the metabolite of GSH was extremely significant, with correlation coefficients of 0.993, 0.992, 0.963, and 0.939, respectively ( Figure 10 ).

In addition, the stem length of LsARF3 -OE lines was higher than that of WT with a significant or extremely significant difference from growing 40 days ( Figure 3D ).

In contrast, in wild landraces of common beans in Turkey, HFP showed a highly significant and positive correlation with seed yield per plant, suggesting that this trait possibly can be utilised for breeding of superior common bean genotypes ( Nadeem et al., 2020 ).

The potential offset from the reduced population of lower seed cost is remarkable because seed represents one of the essential economic inputs (Spink et al., 2000 ); reasonably minimized seed waste might be significant concerning food adequacy and security in the future (Tokatlidis, 2014 ).

At Harbin (HH), it was significant or nearly significant in two years.

For each of the parental lines, skewed markers, showing highly significant distortion from the expected 1:1 ratio, or markers with identical segregation patterns were excluded from further map construction steps ( Supplemental Table 1 ).

formosana showed a decreasing trend in all growth periods.

henryi showed an increasing trend in 1958–2019 and 1958–1996.

Identification of quantitative trait loci with interaction effects Besides the abovementioned QTLs with main and full effects, multi-environment GWAS uncovered highly significant QTLs with interaction effects.

Recently, our aeroponics study demonstrated a highly significant and positive correlation between root traits and tuber yield along with N use efficiency in potatoes (Tiwari et al., 2022 ).

Our results do not show a clear trend of increased Se accumulation in agretti under water deficit irrigation, i.e., 50% Et o .

As shown in Figures 4A – D , Chl a, Chl b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content showed an increasing trend with increasing shade.

There was a highly significant correlation between the expression levels of GPI ( DN21137_c0_g1 ), SUS ( DN7836_c0_g1 ), INV ( DN56_c0_g1 , DN1439_c0_g3 , DN534_c0_g1 , DN16555_c0_g3 , DN534_c0_g2 , and DN1915_c3_g2 ), HK ( DN26120_c0_g1 ), scrK ( DN7502_c0_g2 , DN7502_c0_g1 , and DN6713_c0_g1 ), MPI ( DN8158_c0_g1 ), GMPP ( DN3245_c1_g2 ), GMDS ( DN608_c0_g1 ), GALE ( DN159955_c0_g2 and DN11833_c0_g1 ), ERD ( DN8548_c0_g1 ), and sucrose content.

In terms of Cov within the canopy, the upper canopy coverage (Cov Upp ), middle canopy coverage (Cov Mid ), and lower canopy coverage (Cov Low ) all exhibited an increasing trend with an increase in the flight velocity, such that the Cov Mid at 1 m/s was 2.44%, and the Cov Mid at 3 m/s increased to 6.49%.