Excerpts

As cancer diagnosed in the younger age groups tends to be at more advanced stages, and the subtypes with poorer chances of making a full recovery are also more often diagnosed, the social and economic impact can be quite significant.

Our insomnia group exhibited a decreasing trend at the slower and preferred speed conditions; however, there were no significant differences in the CVs of the stride length, stride time, and step time, whereas the controls exhibited significant differences at these two-speed conditions.

While it is accepted that solar UVR exposure is the main cause of skin cancer [ 3 ], evidence is accumulating on the health benefits of sun exposure [ 3 ], as well as widespread vitamin D deficiency [ 3 , 4 ], and has revealed a possibly significant public health problem resulting from insufficient sun exposure.

One study found that workers in environments with windows had increased exposure to light in the workplace and showed a trend toward more physical activity, longer sleep duration, better sleep quality, and an improved quality of life compared to workers in windowless environments [ 89 ].

The investigators found an overall trend to healthier purchasing, that may impact diet quality and in the long term if sustained, and positively affect health [ 47 ].

In recent years, major Chinese metropolitans witnessed an increasing trend in traffic violations.

Next, Alzheimer’s disease counts showed a small trend upwards, with Bucharest-Ilfov being the region with the highest and concurrently stable case counts over the years ( Figure 1 E).

When analyzing the evolution of ASR among natives and immigrants over time, it can be observed that the native population (in both sexes) has higher ASR than those of the entire immigrant population throughout the study period, as well as a clear trend of mortality due to descending cancer.

The graphs show an overall trend during March 2020 of CO and NO 2 reductions and O 3 formation, related to traffic flow reductions.

P ( t ) rapidly increased from 15% of the initial population to 30% and peaked in a very short time, and then showed a trend of slow decline, and finally reached a steady state.

However, regional differences in suicide rates may be significant within a country; in South Korea in 2013, it was reported that the polarization of age-standardized suicide mortality rates by boroughs ( si, gun, gu ) is severe [ 12 ].

Second, looking at the E G I , as given in Figure 4 B, all of the Moran’s I from 1995 to 2011 were positive and highly significant; more importantly, this value was on the rise, which indicates that the embodied GHGs has significant spatial autocorrelation.

Specifically, of the 39 regions studied, the region with the highest net output of embodied GHGs was Russia, and its volume maintained an increasing trend from 1995 (146.65 Mt) to 2011 (276.89 Mt) and increased by nearly two times, followed by Canada and India, respectively.

Further, some studies have focused on whether there is an increasing or decreasing trend of dismissals and based on findings discussed potential explanations behind an increasing trend [ 32 , 33 ].

Despite an increasing trend of hospice demand and use in rural areas over the study periods in two studies [ 14 , 32 ], a consistent finding was that the odds of hospice enrolment was lower for patients residing in a rural area than an urban or metropolitan region [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 32 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].

In Spain, this figure is estimated to incorporate more than 400,000 people [ 5 ], which is highly significant considering that this type of population experiences related effects on various ambits of life development (health, education, and leisure).

In Table 3 , a positive and highly significant correlation was found between BI scores among its constructs, including ATB (r = 0.870), SN (r = 0.682) and PBC (r = 0.750).

Hence, the interaction effects reveal highly significant values for education, a weaker but significant interaction for income, and no interaction for loneliness (see Appendix A Table A1 ).

A clear trend towards overall attention of NCDs starts in 2017, and the overall attention declined to 9251 articles in 2015.

A decreasing trend in PE participation on ≥3 days/week was observable from low- to lower-middle (boys: 26.3%, girls: 23.2%) and upper-middle-income countries (boys: 21.6%, girls: 17.6%).

A significant trend of decreasing job insecurity was observed in the high and median probability groups but not in the low automation probability group.

An increasing trend was observed for carbon sequestration and forest recreation, which was in line with the perceptions of change.

Overall, it is possible to observe a clear trend of better air quality indexes along the years, with the index “Good” increasing from 150 days per year in 2004 to more than 250 days per year in 2012.

Overall, the air quality has been improving over the years with a decreasing trend of air pollutant concentration, with the exception of O 3 .

Regarding the training on compassionate care, the recent literature evidences a decreasing trend to include compassion in the training of health professionals [ 43 , 44 , 45 ] despite the stated benefits both for patients and for professionals [ 28 ].