Excerpts

For example, in the cohort of lifetime residents, the effects of NO 2 on asthma were positive and almost significant (odds ratio (OR) = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.97–1.69), but in the stratified cohort, NO 2 was significantly associated with asthma among children with above-median ETV (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.47–3.71), but not the children with below-median ETV (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.59–1.28).

Considering all the exposure estimates, expression of TNF-α was associated with both water and urinary concentrations of arsenic, that of POLB was associated with nail and urinary levels, and that of KCNA5 was associated with water and nail levels (and was borderline significant with urinary arsenic).

Overall, the concentration of air pollutants in Beijing showed an increasing trend from 2003 to 2006, and a decreasing trend in 2007 and 2008 (cf.

This pattern of results indicated a decreasing trend in socioeconomic disparities in belief in harmfulness of “light” cigarettes.

AnnAGNPS simulation results of annual loading over 100-year indicate that P loading has an increasing trend, and this increasing tread increased significantly for the one and half of the existing application rate ( Figure 3 ).

The percent rates of HIV cases for Cameroon showed a decreasing trend after 2000, declining as much as 9% in 2006.

The percent rates of HIV deaths for Cameroon, Nigeria, and South Africa showed decreasing trends from 2005 to 2006 whilst United States showed an increasing trend from 2004 to 2006.

It is found that there is a clear trend that both average and maximum Pi values of Pb are decreasing with the roadside distance.

We found that AML-associated transcripts targeted by critical miRNAs interact in a highly significant manner.

Although the prevalence of toothache in Brazil has decreased in recent years, it remains highly significant and may be related to the adult population’s difficulties with accessing oral health services [ 7 ].

In all regions of Africa except Southern and in the regions of Caribbean, Western Asia, Eastern Asia, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and Micronesia, we observe an increasing trend in the number of natural disasters and affected people, whereas in the Melanesia and South America regions we observe a decreasing trend in the number of people affected.

These facts call for the study of longer time periods to detect a possible trend such as an increasing trend of disaster occurrences among different decades.

However in the ecosystem priority scenario, there exists an increasing trend for the ecological land in 2020.

Although the amount of physical activity is less than the recommended 10 min bout [ 20 ], the volume may be significant when accumulated over the long run as found in one prospective study where by men had a 29% decrease in stroke risk associated with stair use [ 10 ].

The findings of thyroid cancer risk in the present study that showed a significantly increased risk in female workers and an increasing trend in male workers may reflect, at least in part, a possible over-diagnosis as well.

Results show that ecological risk in the study area has a positive correlation, and there is a decreasing trend with the increase of grain size both in 1995 and 2005.

For the high fish-consuming groups (riverine, urban, and rural communities) the correlations of maternal HHg and newborn HHg were all highly significant.

reported on the ALPNAP-study, where they found a clear trend of reduced risk of hypertension for participants with their bedroom facing a quiet yard [ 16 ].

Smoke-free air laws are also found have a negative a nearly significant (7% significance level of a two-tailed test) effect on whites.

Explicit Value Judgments Any inequality measure involves an implicit or explicit weighting scheme that considers transfers/changes in some parts of the distribution more or less significant than transfers/changes in other parts of the distribution.

We found that the effects of air pollution were non-significant among people who reported occupational exposure and highly significant among respondents with no occupational exposure.

17.6% of whites), but the association did not quite reach significance.

The mortality rates presented a decreasing trend in space with the increase of the distance from the mining and smelting area pollution sources.

The relationship between living with both parents and depressive symptoms approached significance for boys, with boys living with both parents less likely to exceed the BDI-II cutoff score.

For example, there is a strong trend in epidemiologic studies suggesting an association of ASDs with exposure to atmospheric mercury and cadmium.