Excerpts

Ecological Water Demand Over the past 50 years, the ecological water demand of water, woodland, and grassland have all shown a decreasing trend except for wetland, but there were some differences ( Figure 8 ).

From Table 4 and Figure 6 d, with the increase of cultivated land area, the IWRreg also shows an increasing trend, and there is a good consistency between cultivated land area and IWR.

The annual average precipitation was 126.22 × 10 8 m 3 , and the precipitation showed a trend of fluctuating increase with a rate of 0.51 × 10 8 m 3 /y, in which precipitation increased sharply in the 1970s to 1980s. 3.2.

The average water supply and water demand were 271.88 × 10 8 m 3 , 467.85 × 10 8 m 3 , respectively, both TWS and TWD had a significant trend of reduction with a significance of 99% by Mann-Kendall test, and the rate of reduction was 1.87 × 10 8 m 3 /y and 12.22 × 10 8 m 3 /y; the gap has a significant increasing trend with a significance of 99% and a growth rate of 10.35 × 10 8 m 3 /y by Mann-Kendall test, and the average gap was −195.96 × 10 8 m 3 , which means the state was deficit constantly in the study area.

The variation coefficients of ATN, SOM, and soil C/N showed a decreasing trend with the increase in depth, but the variation coefficient at 20–40 cm was significantly higher than those at other depths. 3.2.

The variation coefficients of SAP showed an increasing trend with the increase in depth, but were significantly lower at 40–50 cm than at other depths.

In the regression models, survey year was entered first as a categorical variable to estimate differences between rounds; second, as a continuous variable to estimate an overall trend per year in the considered time period.

Nevertheless, an increasing trend in psychological health complaints has already been observed in the last 20 years, especially among older girls, in Canada [ 18 ] and in several European countries, like Sweden [ 19 ], Norway [ 10 , 20 ], and the UK [ 21 ], while life satisfaction showed an unclear evolution [ 22 , 23 ].

The meta-analysis showed a borderline significant pooled small effect estimate (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI −0.01–0.22) ( Figure 2 ) in favour of exercise interventions and with no statistical heterogeneity (I-squared = 0.0%, p = 0.718).

LEP was marginally significant, while marital status, employment status, and education were not significantly associated with experiences of everyday discrimination in the final model. 4.

With low DD as the reference category, medium DD was not significant (aOR = 0.88, p = 0.169) and high DD (aOR = 0.71, p = 0.002) was highly significant for one month abstinence.

In terms of the urban level of patients’ residence, the number of patients showed a decreasing trend from the highest level to the lowest level in both cohorts, and the lowest urban level had the least number of patients.

While associations pertaining to key variables emerged from our analysis, a few relationships showed borderline significance, likely due to insufficient statistical power.

On the other side, the lethality decreased in the first wave to an increasing trend in the second wave.

The incidence of COVID-19 in Amazonas was marked by a decreasing trend at the end of June 2021, which suggests the positive effect of the vaccination program.

Table 3 shows that (i) as age increased, there was a clear trend towards decreasing the odds of infection and increasing odds of severe illness; (ii) male gender was a significant risk factor for severe illness; (iii) as the number of contacts with RHS increases, a trend towards increasing odds of both infection and severe illness was observed; (iv) previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA-based vaccination were significant protective factors against infection and severe illness.

Through this study, we analyzed production levels (which refers to the number of publications that normally has an increasing trend over the years), scientific impact levels, funding levels, most frequently studied topics, and patterns of distribution across countries and continents for papers on pediatric obesity published in the most relevant journals worldwide.

Grassland covers a smaller area than cropland and forestland and is dominated by slight and mild erosion, and the area of slight erosion decreased by as much as 40.67%, while the areas of other erosion types showed an increasing trend, with mild erosion showing the fastest growth rate of 95.56%.

The average soil erosion in western Hubei Province showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing between 2000 and 2020.

The Shenlongjia Forest Area and Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, with the most significant erosion in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area, showed a decreasing trend after 2010.

FP showed a decreasing trend throughout the survey period.

The fixed-effect model was used to analyze the natural, economic, and social factors that affect poverty reduction efficiency, and the following conclusions have been obtained: (1) From 2010 to 2019, the overall poverty reduction efficiency of poverty counties exhibited an increasing trend with significant spatial heterogeneity.

An increasing trend was observed, but the vegetation coverage rate inside the city was relatively low, and more vegetation was distributed on the sides of roads.

Being a pesticide sprayer increases the prevalence of hypertension but was of borderline significance (PR 1.95, 95% CI 0.96, 3.97, p -value 0.065).

Tobacco Smoking On comparing individual items responses between smokers and nonsmokers, a few items were significantly different, and several others showed a trend favouring nonsmokers.