Excerpts

The measurement results in Table 4 show a clear trend: series resistance values decrease as the number of busbars increases.

This finding is highly significant: as discussed in the introduction and supported by several experimental [ 34 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 61 , 70 ] and post-earthquake field investigations [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 44 ], brittle failure at the corbel edge, particularly due to concrete spalling or crushing, has often led to a critical reduction in the effective bearing length.

As shown in Figure 4 j–l, the average depths of the hydrogen-affected zones for the P0, P30, and P50 samples were 34.1 ± 0.7 μm, 33.9 ± 0.8 μm, and 27.8 ± 1.7 μm, respectively, indicating a decreasing trend in the depth of the brittle zone.

It can be seen in Figure 13 that with an increase in sulfate content in the specimen, the overall porosity of the specimen shows a decreasing trend.

When combined with the data in Table 3 , a clear trend emerges: as the grit size of the sandpaper increases, the surface roughness (Ra) of the polished copper tube decreases gradually.

However, when the temperature increased to 1100 °C, the grain size showed a decreasing trend.

When heated at a rate of 5 °C/min, the volume fractions of the precipitated phases are 1.1%, 1.3%, and 1.5%, respectively, showing an increasing trend with temperature ( Figure 9 a–c).

Analyzing the mechanical properties, an increasing trend in flexural modulus and flexural strength can be observed, at the expense of decreasing values for Young’s modulus and tensile strength ( Figure 11 ).

The results indicate a clear trend: E corr shifts negatively and i corr increases with prolonged immersion.

As the content of TiB 2 particles increases in the alloy, the hardness of the as-extruded composites also shows an increasing trend, with values of 101 HV, 107 HV, and 116 HV, respectively.

For its part, the results from [ 47 ] show a positive trend in mortar strength development (W/C ratio 0.5) when 15% of cement clinker is replaced with BP waste with a reduction in particle size from 42 μm to 6 μm.

However, the colloids were completely aggregated until day 21, when a colloid dispersed back into the solution, so this was perhaps an anomaly rather than a reliable trend.

The difference between the means of the two samples (0.76 HRC) is small and, although statistically detectable, does not represent a practically significant difference.

As the solution temperature increased, the corrosion weight loss showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.

As demonstrated in Figure 8 b, MPD demonstrates a highly significant correlation with BPN, with a fitted correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of 0.95, meaning that 95% of the variance in BPN is explained by MPD.

As the scanning speed increases, the wear rate shows an increasing trend.

Their results demonstrated that as the B 4 C content increased from 0 to 15 wt.%, the material hardness improved significantly while the density exhibited a decreasing trend.

Similarly to our previous work [ 35 ], we found that the I D /I G ratios showed a decreasing trend from the bottom to the top of the CNTs.

However, unlike all the structures considered so far, the F-RD shape shows a positive trend with respect to a higher relative density not only with the elastic Young’s modulus and shear modulus, but also the Poisson’s ratio.

Figure 5 illustrates a quantitative analysis of grain size as a function of deformation percentage, showing a decreasing trend in grain size with increasing deformation.

Correspondingly, the magnetic induction showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase in annealing tension.

As expected, an increasing trend in surface roughness was observed for both conditions as tool wear progressed from fresh to worn states.

In our preliminary work, incorporating these into MgB 2 superconductors [ 57 ], we observed an increasing trend in both T c and J c with enhanced luminescence intensity, providing the initial validation of light intensity as an independent parameter.

In terms of tensile strength under flexural and splitting for both samples with and without polypropylene fibre addition, an increasing trend in this parameter was observed up to 100 °C (from 8.3 MPa to 9.6 MPa without fibres and from 10.6 MPa to 12.5 MPa with fibres), followed by an almost linear decrease down to 600 °C, reaching values of approximately 5.1 MPa (without fibres) and 5.5 MPa (with fibres).

Unlike the trend of aggregate crushing strength under the AC system, the aggregate compressive strength showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase in BB particle content under the CC system.