Excerpts

Electrical conductivity of ZnO morphologies showed an increasing trend with increasing temperature.

have observed a decreasing trend in specular reflection with temperature, leading to a reduction in lattice (phonon) contribution to thermal conductivity [ 57 ].

Densification strain increases with the decrease in relative density and interestingly, there is a clear trend that the bilayer system has a higher densification strain than uniform foam.

While the curve (b) and (c) show a decreasing trend, curve (d) shows an increase in the second plateau stress, and the increase can be explained by a less severe fracture of the thinner GF4 layer and the combination of plateau stress and densification process.

The temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient shows an increasing trend in performance as the applied temperature is increased, as seen in Figure 7 b.

It can be seen from Figure 4 that under various temperature conditions, the instantaneous friction coefficient of intermittent braking generally fluctuated greatly, but during 10 min of operation, the instantaneous friction coefficient under various temperatures showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.

The decrease in ambient temperature first caused an increasing and then a decreasing trend of wear rate of the brake disc and reached the maximum value (84.5 μg/r) at 0 °C.

[ 55 ] showed that the deformation during compression of oat kernels had an increasing trend with the increase in loading rate in the range of 0.02–0.10 mm/s, and the forces and stresses initially increased and then decreased with an increase in loading rate.

Since Nylon66 fiber has a lower young modulus than steel fiber, increasing fiber addition in geopolymers results in a negative trend in concrete.

When the diameter reaches 15 mm, the compressive strength of the pellets shows a decreasing trend.

The results of this preliminary study could lead to the conclusion that both tested masks present an increasing trend in bioburden with increasing exposure time.

As the heat-treatment time further increases, the microhardness of alloys shows a decreasing trend, where Alloy E only has half the microhardness of Alloy A. 3.3.

TEH has gained much attention in many applications and is an increasing trend for publication [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].

The tensile test displayed that the tensile strength of the composites presented an increasing trend with the increasing (Ti, Nb)B content followed by a decreasing trend.

Both dynamic strength and deformation modulus showed a decreasing trend with the increasing defect strength.

The selected samples 7, 5, 3 attract attention with a clear trend towards a decrease in the volume of the droplet fraction ( Figure 2 b) and the average droplet size.

From the stress–strain curves, the calculated yield strength (0.2% YS) values shown in Figure 8 B described an increasing trend with martensite content.

Confinement effectiveness showed a decreasing trend with rise in temperature.

Therefore, the elimination or degradation of p-NP using a cost-effective and highly efficient method is highly significant for mitigating its adverse impact on the environment.

Although there has been a decreasing trend in GHG emissions since 2005 in Europe, the EU 2030 emissions target still requires a strong effort in the way of renovation of the building stock and a drastic change in the paradigms of energy use as well as of construction materials [ 2 ].

In [ 60 ], the applicability of the √area-parameter model was evaluated, showing a clear trend that suggests that the model can describe the fatigue strength for defects with √area ≥ 1000 μm in L-PBF processed 316L steel.

(3) Both the damage variable and the fractal dimension of the muddy siltstones show an increasing trend with an increase in the number of F-T cycles, and it is more difficult for damage to become superimposed as the damage accumulates to that range causing fatigue (the damage variables ranged from 0.73 to 0.97) while the fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces in the rock still increases.

With the increasing number of F-T cycles, the energy absorbed in the rock specimens shows a decreasing trend, and the absorbed energy of intact rock and rock specimens containing level-I, II, III, and IV initial damage separately decrease by 44.21%, 55.37%, 53.53%, 55.74%, and 61.20% compared with that before the F-T cycles.

Taking both the tensile and flexural properties of PEEK under different pressures into consideration, it can be seen that with the change in pressure, the materials of differing pressure all showed ductile behaviors, and the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and bending strength all showed a slight trend of increasing first and then decreasing.

The elongation at break also showed an increasing trend at first and then decreased.