Excerpts

The curves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the change in the fly ash-AOD slag substitution rate.

As shown in Figure 4 a, with increasing KH-Al dosage, both the initial fluidity and 30-min fluidity of GSL exhibit a decreasing trend, while the 30-min fluidity loss increases.

Both specimens demonstrated an increasing trend in corrosion potential up to −0.6 V.

Overall, the shear deformation behavior of (i) the original joint was relatively concentrated, with a clear trend, and (ii) repaired joints exhibited a multi-point trigger, mainly concentrated in the middle column and beam end.

It is evident that there are large pores in the sintered samples under ball milling for 80 min ( Figure S3a ), and with the prolongation of the ball milling time up to 480 min, the pores in the microstructure show a decreasing trend.

Effect of Adhesive Thickness on Fracture Mode The parametric study indicates a clear trend where an increase in adhesive thickness shifts the fracture mode towards being more opening-dominated, as reflected by the rising phase angle ψ .

Regarding factor interactions affecting flexural toughness, the UHMWPE-BF content interaction is highly significant, whereas the water-to-binder ratio–UHMWPE interaction shows no statistical significance.

At 28 days, the compressive strength of cement-based materials gradually increased with extended CO 2 injection time under atmospheric mixing, while a decreasing trend was observed under bubble mixing.

As shown in Figure 8 , with the increase of reaction temperature, the maximum apparent reaction extent presented an increasing trend.

In contrast, in the Fe–O–C system, the reduction capacity of CO shows a decreasing trend with the rise of reaction temperature, since a higher mole fraction of CO is needed to maintain the reduction degree.

For such conditions, the frictional moment was often unstable (significant fluctuations over time), and a decreasing trend was observed.

When combined with the data in Table 3 , a clear trend emerges: as the grit size of the sandpaper increases, the surface roughness (Ra) of the polished copper tube decreases gradually.

However, when the temperature increased to 1100 °C, the grain size showed a decreasing trend.

When heated at a rate of 5 °C/min, the volume fractions of the precipitated phases are 1.1%, 1.3%, and 1.5%, respectively, showing an increasing trend with temperature ( Figure 9 a–c).

Analyzing the mechanical properties, an increasing trend in flexural modulus and flexural strength can be observed, at the expense of decreasing values for Young’s modulus and tensile strength ( Figure 11 ).

The results indicate a clear trend: E corr shifts negatively and i corr increases with prolonged immersion.

AFt crystals, known for their strong water absorption due to containing abundant crystallization water and adsorbing large amounts of free water in their structural gaps, show an increasing trend in quantity as the substitution rate of quick-setting component in cementitious material rises, as evidenced by the enhanced relevant absorption bands.

It is evident that both yield strength and hardness exhibit a decreasing trend as the grain size increases.

(2) In the water-saturated supercritical CO 2 environment, with the increase in Cr content, the corrosion rate shows a decreasing trend (0.38Cr:0.0379 mm/y→1.17Cr:0.0291 mm/y).

The applied doses of WBA had a highly significant and positive effect on the stabilization of basic soil properties.

The PDP curve of replacement rate is expected to show an overall trend of elastic modulus decrease as the recycled aggregate replacement rate increases, but the shape of this curve may not be monotonically decreasing, but rather exhibits relatively gentle changes in certain replacement rate intervals, which may be related to the bimodal distribution characteristics of high proportions of 0% and 100% replacement rate samples in the dataset, and may also suggest the existence of a certain critical replacement rate, before which the performance decline is relatively mild, and after exceeding this threshold the decline speed obviously accelerates.

As the content of TiB 2 particles increases in the alloy, the hardness of the as-extruded composites also shows an increasing trend, with values of 101 HV, 107 HV, and 116 HV, respectively.

For its part, the results from [ 47 ] show a positive trend in mortar strength development (W/C ratio 0.5) when 15% of cement clinker is replaced with BP waste with a reduction in particle size from 42 μm to 6 μm.

However, the colloids were completely aggregated until day 21, when a colloid dispersed back into the solution, so this was perhaps an anomaly rather than a reliable trend.

The difference between the means of the two samples (0.76 HRC) is small and, although statistically detectable, does not represent a practically significant difference.