Excerpts

For the bridge deck, it can be seen from Figure 9 that the complex shear modulus of bitumen from BD-UL and BD-BL showed a slight downward trend in the low frequency state, while there was an increasing trend in the high frequency state.

It can be seen that when the relative mass loss is less than 4%, the CC index decreases gradually as the relative mass loss increases, while the RMSD and MAPD indices show an increasing trend, especially for PZT transducer #2.

When the relative mass loss is higher than 4%, the CC index of PZT transducer #1 shows a fluctuating variation, but that of PZT transducer #2 shows a decreasing trend.

As shown in Figure 7 , the storage modulus of all Gr-MRE exhibited an increasing trend with the growth of frequency and decreased when approaching 60 Hz.

A decreasing trend for the availability of natural sand for the past 15 years has been reported [ 1 ].

A clear trend of gradually decreasing DTL was established with increasing temperature over the range of 23 to 140 °C for FFRP laminates following an impact energy of 5 joules, as seen in Figure 8 .

The wear rates and friction coefficients of these Cu-CNTs composites showed a decreasing trend with increasing CNT content.

However, due to the functions of internal autoclaving, secondary hydration of unhydrated clinkers and SCMs, and the pozzolanic effect, the post-fire strength of concrete may have an increasing trend before 300 °C [ 43 , 44 , 45 ], especially for the concrete made with siliceous aggregates [ 43 ].

Even though the bending strengths were comparable in all three attempts, considering standard deviations, there were partially significant differences regarding laminate thickness and maximum bending force ( Figure 3 d).

However, at higher compositions, x = 0.08 and 0.10, a decreasing trend has been observed, which shows the reluctance in the mixing of V ions.

As shown in Table 2 , with an increasing LDH dose, the TTI of asphalt binders shows an increasing trend, whereas the THR gradually decreases.

Accordingly, the SD of charge quantity also showed an increasing trend as surface roughness increased.

E values and H values for the secondary cell wall ( Figure 8 ) both showed an increasing trend from the inner to the outer parts of the wood disc, but a significant reduction was shown from S2 to S1.

For the ABS BM FDM, it showed a clear trend of increasing by 17% in the mechanical performance when increasing the number of contours from two (ULSF: 1410 ± 71) to 22 (ULSF: 1682 ± 63).

It was a little different from the experimental scheme and showed a trend that with a high Te addition, the S content declined a little.

It can be seen from Figure 7 that the change in stress with time shows a tendency to increase sharply and then slowly decrease, while the subsurface damage depth always shows an increasing trend, and the increasing rate (slope) is basically kept the same.

The welded joints have demonstrated an increasing trend of strength and %elongation in contrast to joints without added MWCNTs.

For example, a recent query on the search engine Scopus turned up barely 47093 entries for “terahertz” term, with an increasing trend from 1974 with one publication up to 4583 in 2018 and already 1079 in 2019. 2.

The weight variation did not follow a clear trend during the first 3 days of immersion.

As shown in the inset of Figure 3 d, κ e of VCoSb showed an increasing trend over the whole temperature range; however, it decreased with the increasing temperature for V-deficient samples V 1− x CoSb ( x > 0).

The losses are caused by the attenuation of the guided wave due to material properties and due to the radiation of a leaky wave into the surrounding medium, which in the case of surrounding liquids or a soil may be significant.

Theoretical study in [ 10 ] also showed that the radial feed-in speed of synchronous rolling die has a highly significant effect on the accumulated pitch error of spline, and the feed-in speed can reduce the accumulated pitch error of spline for the synchronous rolling process.

As can be seen, concrete strength had a clear trend of increasing with the number of storeys.

Furthermore, by comparing Figure 10 d with Figure 10 c, the grain growth of Mo 2 NiB 2 is clearly significant as the milling time reaches 15 h, but the specimen is not densified further.

The results in Table 6 and Figure 6 indicate that as the fiber content increases, the model parameter m , which was obtained by the numerical feature method, shows an increasing trend, whereas the parameter x 0 shows a decreasing trend.