Excerpts

The odds ratio shows a potentially large effect of this SNP on typhoid susceptibility, however due to the low frequency of the polymorphism and the sample size used in this study, it was of borderline significance.

Two SNPs, T4025A and C4215G, were more frequent in typhoid cases than in controls however due to their low allele frequencies they showed borderline significance (T4025A: OR 1.9, 95%CI 0.9–4.3, P 0.07 and C4215G: OR 6.7, 95%CI 0.8–307, P 0.04).

Across the BP related traits, the most significant associations were seen with the low frequency haplotype pool, which drive the highly significant global associations.

This difference was apparent immediately and could be seen in the trajectories of individuals making up the male-female pairs ( Fig. 6A–D ).

Data from the microsatellite markers revealed highly significant genetic differentiation among the three species/sub-species ( Table 2 ).

All included variables are highly significant, apart from the lack of differentiation between students and employees.

The result for preoperative PSA was only marginally significant (95% CI = 1.02–1.50).

Population structure in the PLCO prostate cancer study We applied the PCA using the set of 12,898 structure inference SNPs in the original nested case-control study of prostate cancer (PLCOca-PLCOco) and found that the top 4 PCs are strongly significant with P-values less than 10 −4 based on the Tracy Widom test, while the 5 th is borderline significant ( Table 1 ).

Marginally significant clusters were either eliminated during template building (see below), or else generated fits that were themselves discarded during spike fitting (Step 3) and evaluation of template reliability (Step 4).

The age-specific distribution of seropositivity rates disclosed an increasing trend from young children <4 years old (23.3%) to a peak in adolescents at 10–17 years of age (55.4%; Table 1 ).

We observed small values of D (mean 0.24), indicating that the deviation of each subsample from the uniform distribution is small, and moderate values of p (mean 0.2, with 32% of the p values<0.05), suggesting that this deviation from uniformity is at best only marginally significant ( Figure 4A ).

The present analysis of a continental-scale pollen data set reveals an increasing trend in the yearly amount of airborne pollen for many taxa in Europe, which is more pronounced in urban than semi-rural/rural areas.

With a total SASA that is closest to the NMR average, AMBER-94 sampling demonstrates an unexpected trend: a decrease in polar SASA below the NMR average and an increase in non-polar SASA well above the NMR average.

Overall, the predictive power of the regression models in this study was highly significant statistically, but never exceeded a 5.1% reduction in error (although the validity of R 2 -equivalents in logistic regression is controversial [46] ).

While the data show a clear and highly significant association of the biomarkers and models with stroke, it is evident that the results require further refinement and evaluation in larger prospective studies where we can fully assess the potential role in clinical practice.

Steffan-Dewenter and Tscharntke [25] found an increasing trend of the slopes for polyphagous (0.07), strongly oligophagous (0.16), and monophagous species (0.22), while the comparable values from our study are 0.25, 0.35, and 0.59 ( Table 1 ).

Abstract Background Little is known about the epidemiology of HIV in Japan, though newly-identified cases amongst men who have sex with men (MSM) show an increasing trend.

For marijuana use, the difference was marginally significant.

The correlation for TNF-α (r = 0.335 p = 0.06) was borderline significant.

Both age and smoking variables were highly significant predictive variables, and the estimated hazard ratios were very similar to those in the multivariable model with additional variables.

[18] discovered highly significant differences between shear and tensile bond strengths of human and bovine enamel; however, regression prediction equations supported the use of bovine teeth as a reliable substitute to human counterparts in bonding studies of orthodontic adhesion [10] .

This effect was more than twice the size of the same trend that was apparent, but only marginally significant in Experiment 1, when the dots were presented at fixed locations specific to each of the 21 possible stimuli.

It is clear that despite the nominally significant p-value, the two sub-populations fail to separate along these axes.

Two SNPs showed marginally significant P values for HWE testing of the control group: 0.0155 for rs3026401 (S9) and 0.0304 for rs509628 (S16).

A strong genetic determinism was identified with highly significant genotype and interaction between the genotype and year (GxY) effects ( Table 2 ).