Barely Significant

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p-in-epmc yes pmc-license-ref CC BY issue-copyright-statement © Springer Nature Limited 2024 Introduction Extreme climate events (e.g., extreme heat, drought, and heavy rainfall), generally defined as inordinately hotter, drier, or wetter conditions compared to the historical reference period, have an increasing trend in terms of frequency, intensity, and magnitude worldwide 1 – 3 .
Discussion The main findings of this study were as follows: (1) coffee consumption showed an increasing trend in the order of non-headache, non-migraine headache, and migraine; (2) depression and stress decreased with increasing coffee consumption in participants with migraine; (3) most headache-related variables and response to acute headache treatment did not differ significantly according to coffee consumption in either migraine or non-migraine headache.