Excerpts

The measured minerals Na, Ca, and K showed an increasing trend in the exposure groups compared to the control group, suggesting interference of ZnO-NPs with ion homeostasis and muscle physiology, as provided in Fig. 6 .

37 also indicated that there was a positive trend in the influence of human activities on vegetation from 2001 to 2018 in Guanzhong, China, which was predicted to become negative in the future.

The thoracic and abdominal infrared thermograms in the control group also exhibited a decreasing trend: thorax > upper abdomen > lower abdomen.

Figure 15 demonstrates that all models forecast an increasing trend in the global temperature anomaly in next 20 years.

For changes in total palatal volume (ΔTV), sagittal displacement of the maxillary central incisors relative to the vertical reference line (ΔU1⊥VRL) showed a positive trend toward volumetric increase, although this association did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.068).

The pooled SMD = −0.25 (95% CI: −0.61 to 0.11, p >0.05) indicates a slight trend toward improvement in general health within the Tai Chi group, though this result is not statistically significant.

Proline Up until day 90 of storage, the proline content of kiwifruit exhibited an increasing trend.

However, the association between RTACC and changes in BDNF levels was only marginally significant and is therefore treated as exploratory.

The isobutanol biosynthetic pathway, responsible for converting pyruvate to isobutanol via fermentation, exhibited a decreasing trend from CM (4.0%) to AO (3.5%).

It can be seen that there is a highly significant negative correlation between the change rate of macropores (△ V _Mac ) and mesopores (△ V _Mes ) and the strength attenuation rate (Δ τ _ f , ) (Pearson coefficient is mostly below − 0.98, Spearman coefficient is -1.000), p < 0.05), Especially when the moisture content increases, the correlation is more significant; However, there is no stable or significant correlation between the change rate of small pores (△ V _Sma ) and micropores (△ V _Mic ) and the strength attenuation rate.

These results indicate that although the statistical power is low because of the small size of data set, the proposed model is able to make consistent and practically significant error reductions instead of performance improvements due to random data grouping.

Generally, a reduction in mass flow rate gives a decreasing trend in exergy efficiency.

Additionally, EEPA showed a marginally significant interaction ( p -value for interaction = 0.057) in women (Figs. 1 and 2 ).

The total content of the indicators exhibited an increasing trend with prolonged reflux time, with no significant difference observed between 1.5 h and 2.0 h.

A positive value of Q indicates an increasing trend, while a negative value signifies a decreasing trend in the time series.

Our results show that, with increasing SiO2 and LOI, global igneous rocks do not exhibit a clear trend of As enrichment or depletion (results not shown).

In H/B = 0.4 and H/B = 0.6 sections, the torque coefficients show a decreasing trend with increasing angle of attack, while in H/B = 0.3 section, the torque coefficients show an increasing and then decreasing trend with increasing angle of attack.

Under the influence of fluctuating winds, only the near windward end of the upper and lower surfaces of the main girder showed a trend of negative pressure enhancement, while most of the rest of the section showed a trend of negative pressure weakening.

Although AsA treatment (200 mg L−1) showed limited protection under severe stress, the highest concentration (400 mg L−1) demonstrated a clear trend toward maintaining tissue hydration.

Under moderate deficit irrigation (75% FI), increasing AsA concentrations showed a positive trend in RFW enhancement.

Results were consistent with the standard logistic regression: Barthel Index, xerosis of the legs, severe mobility impairment, and the interaction term remained highly significant predictors, while BMI showed the same negative but non-significant association.

The F-value of the model, 17.94, is highly significant, which is proved by the p -value (< 0.0001), showing that the model is able to predict variations of UTS.

Tool pin profile (B) remains almost insignificant in its effect on YS.

Extreme rainfall events (EREs) associated with the deep organized convection have shown an increasing trend over the Indian region in the warming climate-change scenario 13 , thereby intensifying their hydrological impacts 15 .

Together with the absence of an apparent trend in the distribution of differences, these results suggest that the BioExP could serve as a robust and reliable tool for osmotic fragility testing under standard (control) conditions.