Excerpts

Recent data suggest that such biotic impacts may be significant and that their role in defining population dynamics and fermentation outcomes may have been underestimated.

By comparing the spectra (with panels arranged by increasing metal work function from the left- to the right-hand side) an obvious trend can immediately be noticed.

Specific PIT A main effect of response-type (F 1.63,94.2 = 109.74; p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.65) indicated a highly significant specific PIT effect (Fig. 2A ): the action that delivered the same outcome as that predicted by the stimulus (‘same’) was chosen significantly more than the other action (‘diff’: t 58 = 13.56, p < 0.001, d = 1.75) and the active baseline (‘ITI’: t 58 = 10.98, p < 0.001, d = 1.42).

Since many highly significant results were found, it is evident that there are quite large effects in our data.

After the Korean government increased the price of cigarettes by 80% in 2015 as part of intensive efforts to reduce tobacco use, the overall smoking rate declined from 66.3% in 1998 to 39.4% in 2015, a decreasing trend that continues to the present day.

As for cardiovascular mortality, the association between GNRI and cardiovascular mortality was only marginally significant (Table 2 ).

After reaching the late teenage years or young adulthood, acne prevalence rates follow a decreasing trend with increasing age 19 , 20 .

Based on these definitions which may bring a much more clinically relatable understanding in MM prognosis, we aimed to assess our database regarding these two concepts and their probable significance in terms of outcome and prognosis.

Especially, there were extremely significant genetic correlation between FcMstn expression and BW1 (−0.91), BW2 (−0.97), BL2 (−0.98), and ADG (−0.84) in females, and there were also significant genetic correlation between FcMstn expression and BW1 (−0.86), BW2 (−0.85), and BL2 (−0.64) in males.

Similarly, Mmp9 proteins (both 67-kD and 78-kD bands) showed a trend of increased expression, which were completely normalized by exercise training (Fig. 3C ).

Looking at the kidney transplant subset, the study population showed a trend to a better outcome, with only 20% of DGF compared to 40% in the control group.

Notably, in the STOP-IgAN cohort, 1 out of 55 patients in the steroid monotherapy group and 5 out of 54 patients in supportive care group progressed to ESRD, demonstrating a slight trend for steroids being superior to supportive care, although there was no statistical significance, which might have resulted from the relatively small number of patients.

However, for both comparisons, the histograms of the P -value distribution showed a clear trend towards the expected shape for truly DE transcripts (Figure IIIC,D in the online-only Data Supplement 1).

We plotted aridity versus plague incidence, then soil salinity versus plague incidence and also, we fitted a Loess regression to identify a possible trend between plague incidence and soil status (Fig. 6 ).

The majority of the cortical structures examined (primary motor cortex, insular cortex, and DLPFC) did not show any significant differences between the RmTBI and sham injury groups, apart from a trend towards significance in the DLPFC.

1c , the SRP index has a significant negative correlation with the SAHI for the entire period, but the correlation shows a decreasing trend after the early-1970s.

In the present study, although we did not identify a significant association between ADH1B polymorphism and breast cancer risk, a decreasing trend was observed in those with the C allele, in particular the homozygotes of the C allele, which was consistent with previous studies 29 .

Furthermore, compared with the control group, the level of increased malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver tissue of the treated group and decreased hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity, such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), were extremely significant (Fig. 1b ).

In recent decades, the mean sex ratio of stroke mortality (men to women) experienced an increasing trend worldwide.

The mean HGS exhibited a decreasing trend with advanced age in both men and women.

Volcano plot was constructed by using the -log of p-values on the y-axis (base 10) where data points with low p-values (highly significant) appeared on top of the plot, and values of log2 of fold changes for early phagosome and late phagosome groups were plotted on the x-axis.

Generally, it was clear that there was an increasing trend in both treatment and control from week 0 to week 8 as can be seen in Fig. 2 .

On the contrary, the concentration of Mg showed a decreasing trend in the order of juice > stems > leaves ( Fig. 5 ) .

Activity concentrations of 137 Cs in fresh leaf samples 137 Cs activity concentrations in fresh leaves of broadleaved tree species ranged from 5 to 315 Bq kg −1 dry weight (dw), and generally showed a decreasing trend with time (Fig. 6 ; data for each tree are available in Tables S2 and S3 in Supplementary information).

A two-sided 0.05 < p < 0.1 and p < 0.05 was considered marginally significant and statistically significant, respectively.